Treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysm with endovascular aortic prosthetics in University Hospital Saarland Homburg

About the department

The Department of Interventional Neuroradiology at the University Hospital Saarland Homburg offers the full range of services in the areas of ​its ​specialization. The medical facility provides imaging diagnostics and low-traumatic image-guided interventional treatment of nervous system diseases. The department's specialists have rich experience and exceptional professional skills in the field of interventional procedures for acute and chronic vascular diseases, such as ischemic strokes, brain hemorrhages, cerebral artery stenosis, brain aneurysms, and vascular malformations. The department's neuroradiologists cooperate closely with neurologists and neurosurgeons so that each patient receives an optimal treatment regimen based on the expert opinions of the specialists. The department's medical team has state-of-the-art computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and MR angiography systems that are actively used for diagnosing patients and therapeutic procedures. Medical care is provided in compliance with current clinical protocols. The department also offers many outpatient medical services, which is an advantage for many patients. The department is headed by Prof. Dr. med. Wolfgang Reith.

The department regularly admits a large number of patients with strokes. A stroke is an acute cerebral circulatory disorder that may occur due to stenosis, thrombosis, or a blood vessel rupture in the brain. Strokes refer to diseases that are characterized by a high level of mortality since the pathological condition develops unexpectedly for a person and, at the same time, very rapidly. The success of the medical care provided depends largely on its timeliness. When a patient is admitted to the department, they urgently undergo contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the brain. A CT scan allows doctors to determine the exact localization of the hemorrhage and its extent. The team of the department's neuroradiologists offers the following two modern methods of stroke treatment: lysis therapy and mechanical recanalization (mechanical thrombectomy). Lysis therapy consists of administering a special drug into the patient's bloodstream that dissolves a blood clot, which causes stenosis or thrombosis of blood vessels in the brain. This type of treatment is highly effective, but only if the procedure is performed no later than 3-4 hours after the onset of a stroke. In complex clinical cases of stroke, lysis therapy is often supplemented with catheter-based mechanical recanalization. During the procedure, the department's neuroradiologists insert a catheter into the femoral artery and advance it through the blood vessels to the arteries of the brain under imaging guidance. The specialists then remove the formed blood clot with a catheter, thereby restoring the patency of the lumen of the artery and eliminating impaired blood supply to the brain. The procedure of mechanical recanalization is well tolerated by patients and gives excellent results. The department's doctors regularly perform this catheter-based intervention so patients can be sure of a good therapeutic outcome and the safety of treatment.

Brain aneurysms are often encountered in the clinical practice of the department's medical team, so the specialists have the necessary experience and professional skills to treat this disease. A cerebral aneurysm is an abnormal bulge in the thin wall of a cerebral artery. The insidiousness of an aneurysm is that, in many cases, it does not cause any symptoms and a patient is not even aware of its presence. Brain aneurysms are often detected incidentally during diagnostic examinations for other pathologies. Large aneurysms and actively growing aneurysms, however, are rarely asymptomatic. In this case, a patient needs an examination, during which a doctor will be able to make an accurate diagnosis. Magnetic resonance angiography is used to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of a brain aneurysm. As for the treatment, there are several therapeutic options, such as active monitoring of the aneurysm, image-guided endovascular treatment, and open surgery. If the aneurysm is small, there are no signs of its growth, and the risk of its rupture is minimal, the patient simply needs to undergo regular imaging diagnostics. The department's specialists offer endovascular therapy, namely brain aneurysm endovascular embolization. The essence of the technique is to eliminate the aneurysm from the blood flow with the help of special microcoils or stents. The endovascular method eliminates the need for a craniotomy since surgeons approach the pathological focus through the femoral artery. Neuroradiologists deliver microcatheters along the vascular bed to the aneurysm under imaging guidance. A microcoil or a stent is inserted into the aneurysm through a microcatheter, which fills the cavity of the aneurysm and blocks the blood flow into it, due to which the therapeutic effect is achieved. Successful endovascular treatment eliminates the risk of the brain aneurysm rupture. Complex cases require open surgery, namely clipping, to treat aneurysms. Such surgical procedures are performed in cooperation with neurosurgeons.

An integral part of the work of the department's doctors is image-guided interventional pain management for patients with chronic back pain. Neuroradiologists have in their arsenal several techniques, such as facet joint infiltration, sacroiliac joint infiltration, and periradicular therapy. Each of these procedures involves the injection of painkillers with a thin needle directly into the pathological focus under the guidance of CT or MRI scans. Infiltration therapy is characterized by high accuracy and efficiency. A few hours after it, a patient does not experience any pain. In addition, the procedures can be repeated. This treatment is an excellent alternative for patients with chronic pain syndromes who do not respond to oral painkillers.

The department's main clinical activities include the following diagnostic and therapeutic options:

• Diagnostics
  • Classical spinal X-ray scans
  • Computed tomography of the brain and spine
  • Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine
  • Fetal magnetic resonance imaging
  • Magnetic resonance angiography
  • Digital subtraction angiography
  • Myelography
• Treatment
  • Lysis therapy and mechanical recanalization (mechanical thrombectomy) for stroke
  • Endovascular brain aneurysm embolization 
  • Endovascular treatment of vascular malformations (embolization)
  • Balloon angioplasty and stent implantation for stenosis
• Other medical services