
Stage 4 rectal cancer is the most advanced form of colorectal cancer, characterized by the spread of malignant cells beyond the rectum to distant organs such as the liver, lungs, and lymph nodes. Early screening helps detect colorectal cancer before it reaches advanced stages. However, unfortunately, many cases of rectal cancer...

Receiving a colon cancer stage 4 diagnosis can feel overwhelming, as it means the cancer has spread to distant organs. You're not alone – this stage affects 22% of colorectal cancer patients at diagnosis. While traditional treatments offer a 13% five-year survival rate, there's genuine hope ahead. Breakthrough therapies in oncology are...

According to official statistics from the WHO in 2022, oncological diseases are now the cause of one in every six deaths worldwide. This has encouraged the international medical community to develop new cancer treatment methods and increase the effectiveness of the already existing ones. This is particularly important for patients...

Ovarian cancer is a significant global health concern, ranking as the eighth most common cancer among women. In 2022, there were approximately 324,603 new cases worldwide, with over 206,000 related deaths. [1] The disease often presents with non-specific symptoms, leading to late-stage diagnoses and a global five-year survival rate ranging...

Liver cancer is a significant global health challenge, ranking among the top causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In 2020 alone, approximately 905,700 new cases were diagnosed, and about 830,200 deaths were attributed to the disease. In Germany, liver cancer, while less prevalent compared to some other countries, still poses...

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI NETs) are rare malignancies that originate from neuroendocrine cells located throughout the gastrointestinal tract.1 These tumors are unique because they can produce hormones and have a wide spectrum of behaviors, ranging from indolent to highly aggressive forms. Over the past few decades...

A Klatskin tumor, also known as perihilar cancer, is a type of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, which starts in the area where the right and left bile ducts converge to form the common bile duct. The standard Klatskin tumor treatment options typically include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Surgical resection remains both...

Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent and aggressive malignancies globally, significantly impacting public health. According to the German Centre for Cancer Registry Data, there were approximately 56,700 new cases of lung cancer diagnosed in Germany in 2020, with 34,100 cases in men and 22,590 in women. The age-standardized incidence...