The latest oncological advances in the treatment of lymphoma at German hospitals
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Lymphoma is a group of oncological diseases characterised by a tumour developing from lymphoid tissue. The treatment for the condition presents serious difficulties, since in most cases there is no single localised tumour that can be surgically removed. However, Germany has a well-developed medical institution, therefore doctors are equipped to deal with many types of lymphoma quite effectively and often achieve complete cure of the disease.
Content
- Types of lymphoma
- Treatment of lymphoma in Germany
- Advantages of treatment in Germany
- Choice of the hospital
Types of lymphoma
All lymphomas are divided into two groups. One of them includes the only disease - Hodgkin's lymphoma, while another comprises many different oncological diseases.
- Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is also called lymphogranulomatosis. The condition accounts for 30% of the total number of patients with the malignant forms of lymphoma. At the outset, it mostly affects lymph nodes and eventually extranodular lesions (located outside the nodes)on the lymphoid tissue develops.
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. These include numerous neoplasms that develop from the lymphoid tissue. They have a significant difference in their histological structure and degree of malignancy. Some of them tend to grow slowly, while others are characterised by an aggressive clinical course.
According to the origin, these tumours can be divided into:
- B-cell lymphoma
- T-cell lymphoma
Each of these has several subgroups and certain diseases. For example, MALT lymphoma refers to B-cell lymphomas from the peripheral cells. The same group includes a very malignant tumour, which is called Burkitt lymphoma.
According to the clinical course, the tumours can be classified into:
- Indolent (slow growth)
- Aggressive (rapid growth and metastasis)
The prognosis regarding slowly growing tumours is much better, while aggressive T-cell lymphoma or B-cell lymphoma without a timeous and appropriate treatment can lead to a quick death.
According to the primary location of the focus of the tumour mass, lymphoma can be:
- Nodal - primarily located in the lymph nodes
- Extranodal – located outside the lymph nodes
- Leukaemic – located in the bone marrow
If the patient develops an extranodal lymphoma, this tumour can have different locations. For example, it can be pulmonary lymphoma or thyroid lymphoma.
Treatment of lymphoma in Germany
Since there is no single located tumour, in most cases, surgery is not the main method of treatment. The main role in lymphoma treatment is given to:
- Chemotherapy
- Immunotherapy
- Radiation therapy
When the bone marrow is affected, the patient receives stem cell transplantation from the donor or autotransplantation (transplantation of patient’s own stem cells). Surgical treatment is performed in rare cases. It is effective, if lymphoma is located in the lungs, spleen, stomach or other organs.
In addition, Germany and other developed countries actively introduce innovative treatments. They help to reduce the mortality of patients with the aggressive forms of lymphoma.
Target therapy. It prescribes the use of drugs that destroy tumour cells and causes little harm to the surrounding healthy tissues of the body.
To treat some types of lymphoma, the following use of drugs:
- HDAC inhibitors
- Proteasome inhibitors
- Kinase inhibitors
BiovaxID vaccine. It is currently being tested in clinical trials, but it is quite possible that it will be widely used in the near future. The vaccine stimulates a patient's own immunity causing its intensive fight against the tumour. The preliminary data show that the vaccine can prolong remission after chemotherapy for lymphoma on average for 1 year.
At the moment a new technology is being developed, which can reduce the risk of recurrence of lymphoma after a bone marrow transplant. To that end, the specialists use monoclonal antibodies. They allow the destruction of tumour residues in the culture of stem cells before they are transplanted to the patient.
Advantages of treatment in Germany
The possibility of curing aggressive forms of lymphoma in the countries with poorly developed medicine is close to zero. In particular, the probability of curing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma does not exceed 25%.
The doctors in the developed countries, including Germany, have learned to cope with this group of diseases. Never underestimate what the latest medical discoveries can achieve, as in the case of medically advanced countries like Germany. A five-year survival rate of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can reach 70%. It is a very good result in such countries.
Germany offers the most advanced medical technologies, new drugs and modern treatment regimens. The experienced doctors working here regularly treat patients with lymphoma and achieve excellent results.
In Germany, the patient is far more likely to defeat the disease. That is why many patients diagnosed with lymphoma prefer to undergo treatment abroad.
Choice of the hospital
Germany has many hospitals where doctors treat lymphoma. Here are some of them:
- St. Anthony Hospital. There is the Department of Oncology and Hematology, which carries out such diagnostic and therapeutic procedures as cell sorting, chemotherapy, cytologic analysis etc.
- Gummersbach District Hospital of the Klinikum Oberberg. It specialises in the treatment of oncological and hematological diseases. Here you can not only undergo a course of chemotherapy, but also make stem cell transplantation.
- Academic Hospital Neuperlach at the Ludwig-Maximilian University. The Department of Oncology and Hematology offers high quality chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation. Immunotherapy is also actively used here.
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Authors:
The article was edited by medical experts, board certified doctors Dr. Nadezhda Ivanisova and Dr. Sergey Pashchenko. For the treatment of the conditions referred to in the article, you must consult a doctor; the information in the article is not intended for self-medication!
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