Methods and benefits of gallbladder cancer treatment in German medical practice
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Gallbladder cancer is a rare but severe malignant disease, most cases of which are diagnosed at an inoperable stage. You can undergo your diagnosis and treatment for this disease in Germany. Even with inoperable cancer, long-term control of tumor growth can be achieved using radiation therapy and medications.
Content
- What is gallbladder cancer?
- Diagnosis
- Surgery for cancer treatment
- Radiation therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted therapy and immunotherapy
- Where can I get treatment?
What is gallbladder cancer?
The gallbladder is an oblong-shaped organ, 7-8 cm long, located below the liver. Its function is to store bile and then release it into the digestive tract as needed.
Gallbladder cancer is a malignant tumor that grows from glandular cells. Almost all tumors are adenocarcinomas. Much less common are adenosquamous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and carcinosarcoma.
Gallbladder malignancies are detected at advanced stages, often only at stage 4, and are difficult to treat, so this cancer has a poor prognosis. For successful gallbladder cancer treatment, you need the help of the world's best doctors.
Diagnosis
Typically, the reason a patient seeks medical help is pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen or yellowing of the skin due to bile duct obstruction caused by a tumor. Early-stage tumors may also be detected accidentally during the diagnosis of other diseases.
An abdominal ultrasound scan is usually the first diagnostic method indicated for a patient. The research is simple, quick, and cheap. Ultrasound scanning can be used to see a bulky mass that resembles a tumor.
More accurate ultrasound methods are needed to determine the stage of cancer. These are as follows:
- Endoscopic ultrasound involves inserting a transducer into the duodenum through the oral cavity
- Laparoscopic ultrasound is a surgical procedure in which a transducer is inserted into the abdomen to scan the gallbladder wall
These methods can be used to decide whether radical surgery is possible or not.
A computed tomography scan is a more accurate method of medical imaging than an ultrasound. It helps to clarify the clinical stage of the cancer and assess whether the tumor can be resected. Doctors in Germany and other developed countries often use CT angiography to assess the blood supply to the tumor.
An MRI scan is a high-precision type of diagnosis that is mainly used for surgery planning. In the mode of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, MRI is used for bile duct imaging, which in many cases replaces the invasive procedure of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
A biopsy involves the removal of a tissue sample for histologic diagnosis. The procedure can only be done for inoperable tumors. If there is a chance that the tumor has not yet spread beyond the gallbladder, a biopsy is not performed, and radical surgery to remove the tumor immediately becomes the option of choice.
For patients with stage 4 oncology, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and plan treatment and is usually done percutaneously under ultrasound or CT guidance. Other types of biopsies are endoscopic and laparoscopic, which are less commonly used.
Surgery for cancer treatment
Gallbladder tumors are difficult to cure because they are often found at stage 3, or even 4, when radical surgery cannot be performed. However, if the tumor is detected in time, the patient is considered a candidate for radical (potentially curable) treatment.
If a tumor in the gallbladder is considered resectable, the patient will undergo a complex operation. The outcome depends on the experience and qualifications of the surgical team. It is better to undergo gallbladder cancer surgery in specialized hospitals in Germany that regularly perform such surgical procedures. The Booking Health specialists will help you choose the best oncology center for your treatment abroad.
The following surgical procedures can be performed for gallbladder cancer:
A diagnostic laparoscopy is often required for the final assessment of tumor resectability and planning of curative surgery. This operation may become therapeutic or end with palliative procedures to improve bile drainage.
A simple cholecystectomy is a surgical procedure in which doctors remove only the gallbladder. This surgery can be the final method of cancer treatment only in limited cases when the cholecystectomy is performed for another disease, such as cholelithiasis, and the surgical material shows a tumor of stage T1a. In all other cases, it is necessary to extend the scope of surgery.
An extended cholecystectomy is a complex and traumatic operation that is performed through an open surgical approach (a long incision in the abdomen). It is the main treatment option. If you have your treatment in Germany, you will get excellent oncologic results with a low risk of complications. When performing surgery, the doctor will remove at least the gallbladder, lymph nodes, and adjacent liver tissue. If necessary, other abdominal organs where the cancer has spread may also be partially or completely removed.
The doctor will then have to perform a reconstructive phase of surgery to restore the continuity of the digestive tract as well as the normal outflow of bodily fluids into the small intestine to ensure normal digestion, namely bile from the liver and pancreatic secretion from the pancreas.
The risk of complications during gallbladder cancer surgery is quite high in general hospitals. To avoid problems and maintain a high quality of life after successful gallbladder cancer treatment, you should undergo treatment abroad in one of the specialized hospitals.
Radiation therapy
Since cancer is most often found at an inoperable stage, radiation therapy is the primary method of local tumor control for most patients. And for those who have had radical surgery, it is a good method for reducing the risk of recurrence.
Hospitals in Germany use innovative methods of radiation therapy to reduce the risk of post-radiation complications. Doctors usually use 3D-CRT and IMRT. Some centers also use proton therapy. Although it is even safer and may also be more effective, the cost of proton therapy is higher compared to other irradiation options.
Chemotherapy
If the patient's general condition is good enough to tolerate radiation therapy and chemotherapy at the same time, they can be combined. This provides a better effect and gives patients a longer life expectancy.
For debilitated patients and those with stage 4 of the disease, chemotherapy is often used as a stand-alone method of tumor control. The drugs help to increase a person's life expectancy by slowing tumor growth.
An even more effective chemotherapy option is hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. This treatment method involves injecting drugs into the hepatic artery. However, surgery is required to insert a catheter into the artery, and the cost of this treatment is higher than systemic (intravenous) chemotherapy.
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy
In addition to cytostatic chemotherapy, other drug therapies are used in developed countries.
The only approved immunotherapy medication so far is a PD-1 inhibitor. More tests are needed to see if you may benefit from this treatment. The mechanism of action of the drug is based on enhancing the anti-tumor immune response.
Other drugs are also used as part of clinical trials. These include cancer vaccines and targeted therapy with angiogenesis inhibitors and EGFR-targeting agents.
Where can I get treatment?
You are welcome to use the Booking Health service if you want to undergo your treatment abroad or find out the cost of treatment at hospitals in Germany. On our website, you will find up-to-date information about treatment methods and the costs of procedures and surgeries. You can compare the cost of treatment at different hospitals to choose the most suitable option for you.
Please leave your request on the Booking Health website to get a consultation from medical tourism specialists. To get an effective consultation, you should attach medical documents to your request. As a result of the consultation, you will better understand where it is better to undergo treatment in Germany. We will select for you a hospital that achieves excellent results in the treatment of gallbladder cancer at any stage. You can also get a remote consultation with the world's leading specialists in gallbladder cancer treatment.
The Booking Health specialists will help you organize your trip for treatment in Germany. After you are admitted to the hospital, you will undergo your diagnosis, receive consultations from specialists, and then be prescribed treatment. Depending on the stage of the cancer, this may include surgery, radiation therapy, or drug therapy. If you make an appointment for gallbladder cancer diagnosis and treatment through the Booking Health service, the cost of medical services for you will be lower due to the absence of additional charges for foreign patients.
Choose treatment abroad and you will for sure get the best results!
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Authors:
The article was edited by medical experts, board certified doctors Dr. Nadezhda Ivanisova and Dr. Vadim Zhiliuk. For the treatment of the conditions referred to in the article, you must consult a doctor; the information in the article is not intended for self-medication!
Our editorial policy, which details our commitment to accuracy and transparency, is available here. Click this link to review our policies.
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