Regenerative cell medicine uses stem cells (SCs) to repair damaged bone marrow, nerve tissue, the musculoskeletal system, or to generally rejuvenate a person. With careful harvesting and processing in laboratory conditions, SCs can become the source of most types of differentiated cells in an adult organism. The leading clinics in the world use regenerative cell therapy to sparingly treat pathologies that require surgery or are considered incurable.
Sources of stem cells
At the stage of stem cell therapy planning, the doctor selects the most suitable source of donor material.This can be:
- Red bone marrow of the patient or HLA-compatible donor
- Peripheral blood of the patient or HLA-compatible donor
- Cord blood
Red bone marrow is a source of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). PSCs form several types of cells within the same type of tissue. For example, with appropriate stimulation, PSCs can form red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets.
Peripheral blood contains less stem cells than red bone marrow. However, using hardware-based filtering, it is possible to collect the required amount of material from the blood. Prior to the procedure, the donor receives an injection of growth factor, which stimulates the proliferation of stem cells and their exit from the red bone marrow into the bloodstream.
Cord blood of newborns contains multipotent stem cells that give rise to all kinds of tissues of the human body. These are the most promising types of postnatal SCs. Indeed, prenatal (embryonic) stem cells are able to differentiate even more widely, but the use of embryos is limited for ethical reasons.
The source selection described above — bone marrow, peripheral blood, or cord blood — is the first clinical decision in any stem cell program, and it depends on variables that must be confirmed before a program is proposed: the patient's diagnosis, whether autologous or allogeneic cells are required, HLA compatibility results where a donor is needed, and the target tissue's differentiation requirements.
Booking Health's case review maps these variables to the candidate clinic's documented clinical experience with the specific source and indication — because the same diagnosis may call for different source material depending on what the treating tissue requires.
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Treatment of hematological diseases and cancer
Stem cell therapy for cancer involves the restoration of normal blood formation after an intensive course of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, during which, the patient’s own bone marrow is irreversibly damaged. Studies on the use of SCs for the treatment of metastatic tumors are also being conducted. In these cases, they are modified to synthesize cytotoxic substances that have an antitumor effect.
Hematopoietic stem cells are used to treat primary (genetically determined) and secondary (acquired throughout life) immunodeficiency conditions . They make up for the damaged links of cellular and humoral immunity. Hematopoietic SCs are also effective in treating refractory and hereditary anemia.
When transplanting hematopoietic SCs from a donor, a graft-versus-host disease is additionally prevented. A modern prophylactic regimen involves the prescription of cyclosporin A or tacrolimus, in combination with methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil.
EXPERT
Dr. med. Gerhard Siebenhüner
Dr. Gerhard Siebenhüner has been practicing medicine for more than 40 years, and since 2005, he and his team have been focusing on stem cell treatments.
BOOK CONSULTATIONTreatment of joint diseases
Stem cells are successfully used for the treatment of inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases (for example, osteoarthritis), as well as for injuries of the musculoskeletal system, including for sports and occupational injuries. Due to the polypotency, SCs can be used for:
- Tendon and ligament restoration
- Articular cartilage restoration
- Bone restoration
When restoring tendons and ligaments , SCs are fixed on biological scaffolds with a native extracellular matrix. Such scaffolds support the viability of cells and contribute to their dispersion along the surface of the tendon and fixation on the damaged areas.
Articular cartilage can usually be restored, due to the patient’s own chondrocytes. A small number of chondrocytes are harvested from the patient’s healthy joint (for example, from the knee joint) during an arthroscopic procedure. After this, the cells are multiplied in a laboratory, are activated, and then injected back into the affected joint.
With the use of embryonic SCs, bone tissue regenerates faster, since they can give rise to both new bone and the blood vessels that feed it. However, with additional stimulation with paracrine factors, the cells obtained from the blood of adult donors can be used as well.
The distinction between autologous chondrocyte implantation for cartilage, scaffold-supported SC fixation for tendons, and paracrine-stimulated adult donor cells for bone reflects three genuinely different clinical approaches that suit different anatomical targets and injury types. A patient presenting with both cartilage damage and tendon involvement — a common combination in sports injuries — needs a program that sequences both, not one that defaults to a single approach.
Booking Health identifies which German clinic's orthopedic regenerative medicine program has documented experience with the specific tissue combination the patient's injury requires.
FIND THE RIGHT SPECIALIST FOR MY CASETreatment of degenerative diseases of the nervous system
The techniques of regenerative cell therapy are used to restore dopamine-producing neurons, which cause the damage that forms the basis of Parkinson's disease . To improve the safety profile of the procedure, the pluripotent stem cells are isolated from the patient’s own skin or blood. The obtained cells are reprogrammed in the laboratory using genetic engineering techniques and then implanted back into the brain.
When treating a stroke, SCs are used to restore neurons damaged due to hypoxia (ischemic stroke) or hemorrhage (hemorrhagic stroke), as well as to stimulate the growth of new blood vessels. To this end, doctors use donor nerve stem cells or drugs that stimulate the proliferation of the patient’s own nerve SCs.
For neurological conditions specifically, the timing of stem cell intervention relative to disease progression carries direct clinical weight. In stroke rehabilitation, the window for maximum neuroplasticity — when implanted SCs interact most effectively with surviving neural tissue — narrows as time from the acute event increases. For Parkinson's disease, the extent of dopaminergic neuron loss at the time of intervention shapes what functional recovery is achievable.
Booking Health prioritizes scheduling for neurological SC cases, coordinating documentation, clinic access, and travel simultaneously so that the treatment start date is set by the patient's clinical readiness, not by administrative queue time.
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Stem cell treatment in foreign clinics with Booking Health
With Booking Health , the selection of a regenerative cell therapy technique and specialized medical facility is easier and more reliable. Booking Health will provide you with information about all the hospitals that use stem cell therapy in their clinical practice. In particular, such therapy is successfully carried out by the Clinic of Advanced Biological Medicine in Frankfurt-am-Main . The average cost of stem cell treatment in the Department of Alternative Medicine is €23,255.
Booking Health is a medical tourism provider and can help you with the following important issues:
- selection of the right clinic, based on an annual qualification profile;
- direct communication with your attending physician;
- preliminary preparation of a treatment program, without repeating previous examinations;
- provision of favorable costs of clinic services, without overpricing and additional coefficients for foreign patients (saving up to 50%);
- booking an appointment with a doctor on your desired date;
- monitoring the medical program at all its stages;
- insurance against an increase in the cost of treatment, in case of complications (а coverage of €200,000, valid for 4 years);
- assistance in buying and forwarding medicines;
- communication with the clinic after the treatment is complete;
- control of invoices and return of unspent funds;
- organization of additional diagnostic tests;
- top-class service: booking hotels, airline tickets, and transfers.
Booking Health holds ISO 9001 quality certification, reflecting well-established processes and strict quality control at every stage of the treatment journey — not just at the initial consultation, but throughout.
Stem Cell Therapy: Patient Stories with Booking Health
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02. Mohammad Mousaei Ghasroldasht, Jin Seok, Hang-Soo Park, Farzana Begum Liakath Ali, Ayman Al-Hendy. Stem Cell Therapy: From Idea to Clinical Practice. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 5;23(5):2850. doi: 10.3390/ijms23052850. [DOI] [PMC free article]
03. Duc M Hoang, Phuong T Pham, Trung Q Bach et al. Stem cell-based therapy for human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022 Aug 6;7:272. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01134-4. [DOI] [PMC free article]
04. Dinh-Toi Chu, Tiep Tien Nguyen, Nguyen Le Bao Tien et al. Recent Progress of Stem Cell Therapy in Cancer Treatment: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Applications. Cells. 2020 Feb 28;9(3):563. doi: 10.3390/cells9030563. [DOI] [PMC free article]
05. Ramyar Rahimi Darehbagh, Seyedeh Asrin Seyedoshohadaei, Rojin Ramezani, Nima Rezaei. Stem cell therapies for neurological disorders: current progress, challenges, and future perspectives. Eur J Med Res. 2024 Jul 25;29:386. doi: 10.1186/s40001-024-01987-1. [DOI] [PMC free article]
06. Xin-Xing Wan, Dan-Yi Zhang, Md Asaduzzaman Khan et al. Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: From Insulin Replacement to Beta-Cell Replacement. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Mar 18;13:859638. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.859638. [DOI] [PMC free article]
07. Ammar Aljabri, Alhussain Halawani, Ghassan Bin Lajdam et al. The Safety and Efficacy of Stem Cell Therapy as an Emerging Therapy for ALS: A Systematic Review of Controlled Clinical Trials. Front Neurol. 2021 Dec 1;12:783122. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.783122. [DOI] [PMC free article]
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01. A Comprehensive Guide to Stem Cell Therapy
