Prostate carcinoma is a malignant tumor that develops from the epithelial cells of the prostate gland. The main treating method for prostate carcinoma is surgery. The operation is called a radical prostatectomy. Radical prostatectomy is a prostate removal method used for localized prostate cancer and involves the complete excision of the prostate gland. The main goal of radical prostatectomy is to radically remove the tumor before the disease spreads beyond the organ [1].
Today, radical prostatectomy can be performed using various techniques, including laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery. In particular, laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) allows for minimal incisions with high precision.
Indications for prostatectomy in prostate cancer
Radical prostatectomy is called the "gold standard" in prostate cancer treating. Prostatectomy at the early stages of the disease allows the patient to achieve complete recovery. However, surgery for prostate cancer is not indicated for all patients.
The following conditions are necessary for radical prostatectomy:
- Localized prostate cancer – the tumor does not spread beyond the prostate gland. In other words, cancer is at stages I-II (cancer cells have not spread to distant organs). However, in some cases, the operation is carried out at stage III.
- Young age. Other methods for prostate carcinoma are applied in elderly men since surgery may be too dangerous for them. However, modern interventions are more sparing.
- The satisfactory general state of health. The operation cannot be performed in the case of severe heart and respiratory failure and an impaired blood clotting system.
- Oncological radicality: during radical prostatectomy, the prostate gland is removed along with adjacent structures, which allows for the most effective elimination of prostate cancer cells and reduces the risk of disease recurrence.
Types of prostatectomy in men with prostate cancer
Several surgical options are used in men with prostate carcinoma, the choice of which depends on the stage of the disease, anatomical features, and oncological goals of therapy. Radical prostatectomy is an operation that involves the prostate removal along with the portion of the urethra passing through it, seminal vesicles, and in some cases, nearby lymph nodes.
The procedure can be performed using various techniques, including open surgery or modern robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, which provide precision surgical manipulations and better visualization of anatomical structures. The main advantages of radical prostate removal are high chances of complete cure and the possibility of clear histological evaluation.
Although erectile dysfunction may occur among the possible complications, modern surgical approaches are aimed at maximum preservation of nerve bundles. Importantly, radical prostatectomy also allows for accurate determination of the need for further treatment and individualization of it for each patient.
Open prostatectomy
In an open radical prostatectomy (ORP), the surgeon makes a long incision in the abdomen from the navel to the pubic region (also known as open radical retropubic prostatectomy). The prostate gland and a part of the urethra, as well as the seminal vesicles, are removed through the incision. An expanded evaluation and removal of lymph nodes is performed, which provides more accurate staging of the disease and affects further treatment tactics.
Another type of open surgery is radical perineal prostatectomy. This is a surgical procedure to remove the entire prostate gland and seminal vesicles through an incision in the perineum (the area between the scrotum and the anus) for localized prostate cancer. This surgery offers advantages such as less blood loss, faster recovery, and minimal pain compared to other approaches, especially for some patients, although it cannot easily preserve nerves or lymph nodes dissection [3].
At the end of the operation, your doctor will connect the transected urethra to the neck of the urinary bladder. A temporary catheter is inserted into the bladder to drain urine.
Currently, open prostatectomy is performed less frequently due to the significant injury rate of the procedure. In particular, when performing an open prostatectomy, there is a risk of damage to the nerves that are responsible for urination and erection.
Laparoscopic prostatectomy
Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) is a minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery and most often used for localized prostate cancer. Your doctor will make several small punctures in the abdomen. A laparoscope with a camera and a light source is placed in one of the incisions. The image from the laparoscope is displayed on a large screen so the doctor can monitor the operation's progress. The doctors insert microsurgical instruments in other incisions for the removal of the prostate gland [4].
Advantages of laparoscopic prostatectomy as compared to open surgery are as follows:
- Less blood loss
- Less severe pain syndrome after surgery
- Lower risk of complications
- Faster recovery
Robotic prostatectomy
Robotic radical prostatectomy is an advanced laparoscopic surgery. In this case, the operation is performed through several punctures on the abdomen. However, all surgical manipulations are performed by the "hands" of the robot.
The doctor controls the robot manipulators with the help of a special control panel. All surgical manipulations are carried out with maximum precision since the factor of hand trembling is excluded. Removal of the prostate gland is carried out in an image-guided manner – the image of the surgical field is displayed on the monitor at multiple magnifications. Therefore, this is a modern option for surgical treating cancer, which is performed using robotic surgery and provides high precision of movements and better visualization of anatomical structures.
The risk of damage to the nerves responsible for erection and urination is minimized thanks to high movement accuracy and better imaging of the anatomical structures of the small pelvis [2].
A surgical procedure that involves removing a portion of the prostate gland using a resectoscope, a thin, lighted, and cutting instrument that is inserted through the urethra. The procedure is primarily used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), but it can also be used to reduce obstructive symptoms caused by a tumor before other types of treating cancer. In some cases, TURP may be performed in patients with a tumor confined to the prostate who are not candidates for radical surgery [6].
Nerve-sparing (NoS) radical prostatectomy in prostate carcinoma
Nerve sparing radical prostatectomy is a modern surgical approach aimed at removing the tumor with maximum preservation of the nerve bundles responsible for erectile function and urinary control. This technique can be used with careful selection of patients and allows to improve functional outcomes after surgery. The method can be performed both in the format of assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and open access; in this case, open radical prostatectomy outcomes largely depend on the experience of the surgeon and the stage of the disease [5].
Postoperative period in prostate carcinoma surgeries
After the operation, the patient is moved to the room, where he stays for several days. The medications for pain management and prevention of inflammatory processes are prescribed. Care for the postoperative wound is also performed. It includes the treatment of wounds using antiseptics and regular changes of dressings.
The urinary catheter is removed in 1-2 weeks. After catheter removal, the patient may feel some discomfort and a burning sensation in the urethra, but these unpleasant phenomena will pass soon. During the first weeks, urine leakage may occur, so it becomes necessary to wear urological pads.
After discharge from the hospital, the patient should follow these recommendations:
- Exclude lifting weights
- Exclude active sports
- Follow a diet and drinking regimen
- Exercise to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, which will help regain control over urination and erection
- With a certain frequency, undergo diagnostics and follow-up examinations by an oncourologist
In most cases, patients can return to work 2-4 weeks after surgery. However, if the work involves significant physical activity, then more time for recovery may be required.
How radical prostatectomy works for prostate carcinoma
Radical prostatectomy is a surgery to remove tumor-affected structures with the aim of complete oncological control of the disease. During the operation, the surgeon removes prostate tissue, and if indicated, lymph node removal is performed for accurate staging of the process.
Before the intervention, the patient is carefully prepared, which includes laboratory and imaging studies, as well as an assessment of the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), which helps determine the stage of the disease and plan the scope of the operation.
The surgery is performed under general anesthesia – the patient is asleep and does not feel any pain. The surgeon then gains access to the prostate gland through an open or minimally invasive approach.
The main stage of the operation is the complete removal of the prostate gland, along with any tissues where the tumor may be located. The goal of this step is to eliminate as many cancer cells as possible and prevent the disease from recurring.
After the prostate is removed, the surgeon connects the bladder to the urethra. A urinary catheter is temporarily placed to allow for safe healing, usually for a few days.
During the first few days, doctors monitor the patient's well-being, teach the patient how to care for the catheter, and gradually resume physical activity. Subsequent visits to the doctor allow them to evaluate the results of the surgery and determine whether additional therapy is needed.
Benefits of radical prostatectomy in prostate cancer
Radical prostatectomy is an effective way to treat cancer, providing reliable local control of the disease. During the operation, the tumor is removed along with the surrounding tissue, which reduces the risk of residual cancer cells and reduces the likelihood of cancer recurrence.
One of the key advantages of the method is the possibility of accurate surgical staging. Performing lymph node removal allows you to assess the spread of the disease, and analysis of the resection margins helps to determine the presence of positive surgical margins, which directly affects the further management of the patient and the need for further treatment, in particular, such an option as radiation therapy.
From the point of view of quality of life (QoL), modern surgical techniques are aimed at reducing functional complications. Although erection problems may occur after surgery, many patients eventually experience sexual function recovery, especially with a nerve-sparing (NoS) approach and rehabilitation support.
Importantly, the effectiveness and feasibility of radical prostatectomy comply with the principles of evidence-based medicine and health and care excellence recommendations, making this method a reliable choice for long-term control of prostate carcinoma.
Complications after prostatectomy for prostate carcinoma
Any procedure involves some risks, and in this regard, radical prostatectomy surgery is not an exception.
The following negative consequences are possible after radical prostatectomy:
- Urinary incontinence
- Erectile dysfunction
- Stricture (scarry stricture) of the urethra
- Lymphedema (excessive accumulation of lymph in the legs or genital area) [8]
Innovations and advances in prostate carcinoma radical treatment
Modern innovations in radical prostatectomy have significantly changed the approach to treat prostate cancer in oncology. Thanks to robot-assisted systems, surgical navigation and modern infusion protocols, urological surgeons can perform surgical removal with maximum precision and predictable results.
Robot-assisted surgery allows for delicate separation of the prostate gland from the surrounding tissue, which directly affects cancer control and reduces the risk of erection problems, while preserving the functions of the male reproductive system. Navigation technologies (MRI-fusion) help to clearly plan surgical removal and control the boundaries of resection [10].
Along with classical approaches, such as open radical retropubic prostatectomy, laparoscopic prostatectomy, robotic prostatectomy, modern oncology also integrates innovative methods – focal technologies (шrreversible electroporation), interventional radiological procedures and immune strategies (dendritic cells therapy). They can be considered as an additional treatment option for carefully selected patients or within combined protocols.
As a result, the combination of classical surgery with the latest technologies makes surgical removal of tumor safer, more precise, and focused not only on therapeutic management, but also on the patient's long-term quality of life (QoL).
Radical Prostatectomy vs Other Prostate Carcinoma Treatments
Radical prostatectomy procedure – prostate cancer treatment aimed at complete tumor removal. The choice of care for prostate carcinoma depends on the stage of the disease, the biological characteristics of the tumor, the patient's general condition, and his priorities for quality of life (QoL). Radical prostatectomy is one of the main therapeutic options, but in clinical practice it competes with other approaches – radiotherapy, brachytherapy, active surveillance, and modern innovative methods. The table below demonstrates the key differences between these strategies, helping to understand their advantages, limitations, and optimal clinical indications.
| Treatment Type | Toxicity and side effects | Quality of life | Indications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Radical prostatectomy | Urinary incontinence (often temporary), erectile dysfunction (risk depends on age, baseline function, nerve-sparing), surgical risks (bleeding/infection, etc.) | Often provides the most "definitive" solution: tumor removal + accurate staging. After recovery, many patients return to active life; there is clear control of PSA | Most often: localized prostate cancer |
| Hormone therapy | Hot flashes, decreased libido, fatigue, weight gain, mood swings, decreased bone mineral density, metabolic risks | Does not require surgery; can quickly reduce symptoms and control disease, but is rarely a "definitive" care on its own | Metastatic cancer, locally advanced/high risk in combination with local methods |
| Chemotherapy | Nausea, weakness, neutropenia/risk of infections, hair loss, neuropathy (depending on the drug) | May improve disease control/survival in advanced stages, but temporarily worsens well-being | Predominantly metastatic or castration-resistant cancer (as indicated, in regimens) |
| Targeted therapy | Anemia/fatigue, nausea, drug-specific toxicities; molecular screening required | In "properly selected" patients, it can provide good control with acceptable tolerability | Certain molecular subtypes (e.g., DNA repair mutations, etc.) – based on testing results |
| Brachytherapy | Increased urinary symptoms, dysuria, urinary retention (sometimes), sexual changes | Short course/single procedure, often rapid return to activity; no incisions | Mostly localized cancer; sometimes in combination with higher risk |
| Dendritic cells therapy | Flu-like symptoms sometimes | Unchanged | Any stage of prostate carcinoma, recurrent cancer |
| TACE (Transarterial chemoembolization) | Minimizes systemic chemotherapy side effects | Can quickly improve symptoms | Effective for localized metastatic lesions |
| Irreversible electroporation (NanoKnife) | Does not "remove" the entire prostate: requires strict follow-up, risk of undertreatment/retreatment; possible urological symptoms, pain | Often a strong plus is the potentially better preservation of erectile function/continence compared to radical methods in some cases. | Focal therapy in carefully selected patients (limited focus, confirmed by MRI/biopsy), when the goal is to preserve function |
Learn more about prostate cancer treatment
How to avoid negative consequences after prostate carcinoma surgery?
In modern oncology, the outcome of therapy after surgery largely depends on the surgeon's experience and the correctly chosen technique. That is why in leading foreign clinics radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer is most often performed minimally invasively – using a laparoscope or a robot-assisted da Vinci system [9]. This approach allows you to accurately remove the prostate gland along with the necessary resection margins, minimizing damage to the surrounding tissue and reducing the risk of complications.
A well-planned radical prostatectomy procedure for prostate cancer is aimed not only at oncological radicality, but also at preserving functions. It is the surgical technique and the surgeon's skills that play a key role in preventing complications such as urinary incontinence and erection problems [7].
Why the team and center are critical
- Surgeon experience and volume of operations. High rates of functional and oncological outcomes in prostate cancer radical prostatectomy are directly related to the number of operations performed at a particular center.
- Access to robot-assisted techniques. Modern robotic systems increase the accuracy of surgical movements, reduce blood loss, and contribute to better preservation of nerve structures.
- Nerve-sparing (NoS) techniques. NoS techniques require high expertise and individual planning, which allows minimizing functional consequences after prostate cancer surgical treatment.
- Structured rehabilitation. Early aftercare program – pain control, physiotherapy, urological and sexual rehabilitation – significantly affects the patient's long-term quality of life (QoL).
Medical centers in Germany consistently demonstrate the best results in the treatment of prostate carcinoma
- University Hospital Tuebingen. According to the authoritative Focus magazine, this German hospital ranks among the five best medical facilities in the country. The certified Prostate Cancer Center opened at the hospital in 2009. The University Hospital Tuebingen has everything for effective prostate surgery: experienced surgeons, modern equipment, and advanced therapy methods.
- University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology under the guidance of Prof. Dr. med. Christian G. Stief ranks among the TOP German healthcare facilities specializing in robotic surgery (robotic prostatectomy). In addition, the department is certified by the German Cancer Society as the Prostate Cancer Center. It is equipped with the innovative da Vinci Si HD robotic system and focuses on tumor surgeries.
- Helios Hospital Berlin-Buch. Department of Urology under the guidance of Prof. Dr. med. Mark Schrader focuses on the minimally invasive and endourological procedures that are often combined with systemic drug treatments. In addition, doctors at Helios Hospital Berlin-Buch collaborate closely, so patients with advanced prostate cancer can undergo palliative radionuclide therapy in the Department of Nuclear Medicine.
- HELIOS Clinic Krefeld. Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology under the guidance of Prof. Dr. med. Martin Friedrich offers men with prostate cancer precise diagnostics (MRI-guided biopsy, high-precision imaging studies), the full range of therapeutic interventions. In addition, doctors from HELIOS Clinic Krefeld are actively involved in scientific and research activities.
- Marien Hospital Marl. Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology under the guidance of Dr. med. Hans-Jörg Sommerfeld is certified according to the international quality standard DIN EN ISO 9001. It confirms the high efficacy and safety of treating prostate cancer, as well as the vast practical experience and skills of doctors. All the surgical procedures in the department are performed with a da Vinci robotic system.
Cost of prostatectomy for prostate carcinoma in different countries
| Country | Average price |
|---|---|
| Germany | €25,000 – €45,000 |
| USA | €65,000 – €85,000 |
| Great Britain | €35,000 – €55,000 |
| Australia |
Selection of the hospital for radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer
Leaders in the treating of prostate carcinoma are the countries of Central and Western Europe, particularly – Germany. When choosing a medical facility, it is necessary to take into account its specialization (for example, the hospital may specialize in systemic therapy of prostate carcinoma rather than in surgical treatment), the level of qualifications of doctors, the availability of equipment for minimally invasive interventions, the quality of postoperative care and rehabilitation, and other factors.
In the case of radical prostatectomy in German hospitals, the best treatment success rates are demonstrated in the following medical facilities:
- Helios Hospital Berlin-Buch, Department of Urology. The cost of radical prostatectomy starts from 17,700 EUR.
- University Hospital of Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology. The cost of the procedure starts from 19,900 EUR.
As a rule, children and adults undergo treatment in the same department at large university hospitals. It reaffirms the high qualifications of operating urologists and oncologists, who consider peculiarities of interventions in patients of different age groups.
Prostate carcinoma is now treated not only with classical methods, but also with modern minimally invasive technologies that are actively used in clinics in Germany. In this video, urologist Birte Schneevoigt explains which prostate carcinoma treatment methods are most effective, when prostatectomy has alternatives, and who can be recommended such innovative approaches as HIFU and focal photodynamic therapy TOOKAD.
Patient experience: What to expect from radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer
A 55-year-old Peter from Hamburg was diagnosed with localized prostate carcinoma(cT2N0M0), discovered during a routine check-up after a rising PSA. Physically, he felt fine, but the diagnosis itself was a psychological blow. "I had no symptoms, but the thought of cancer was haunting me. My biggest fear was losing my quality of life," he recalls.
After discussing treating options – active surveillance, radiation therapy, and surgery – the patient chose radical prostatectomy. The decisive factors were the ability to completely remove the tumor, clear staging, and understanding what was happening to his disease. "I wanted a solution that would not leave me living in constant expectation of whether the cancer would return," he explains.
The surgery was performed using a nerve-sparing technique. The first weeks after the intervention were not easy: temporary difficulties with urinary control, fatigue, adaptation to the new rhythm of life. However, gradual improvement followed. Over the next few months, urinary control steadily improved with pelvic floor rehabilitation, and follow-up tests showed an undetectable PSA level.
Eighteen months after surgery, Peter has returned to full-time work, regular physical activity, and social life. Some changes required adjustment, but his overall quality of life recovered. "I was afraid of the operation, but today I understand that it was the right decision. I know my status, I do not live with constant anxiety and I am planning for the future again," he concludes.
This story shows that for many men, radical prostatectomy is not only an effective method of treating prostate cancer, but also a way to psychological peace and restoration of a full quality of life (QoL).
How can I undergo prostate cancer treatment abroad?
Foreign hospitals admit not only residents but also foreign patients. However, the process of treating prostate cancer abroad requires knowledge of specific questions. For a person who does not have such experience, it is better to delegate this task to a medical tourism agency.
Booking Health is a certified medical tourism operator with over 14 years of experience. The company directly cooperates with leading foreign hospitals and can arrange therapy there.
In addition, Booking Health provides the following services:
- Help in the selection of the most competent clinic
- Communication with the clinic
- Translation of medical documents
- Provision of medical insurance
- Booking airline tickets and hotels, transfer from the airport and back, translation services, and other questions
If you want to undergo curing prostate cancer abroad, please leave a request on our website. The medical coordinator will contact you within the next few hours.
A Medical Journey: Every Step of the Way With Booking Health
Finding the best treatment strategy for your clinical situation is a challenging task. Being already exhausted from multiple treatment sessions, having consulted numerous specialists, and having tried various therapeutic interventions, you may be lost in all the information given by the doctors. In such a situation, it is easy to choose a first-hand option or to follow standardized therapeutic protocols with a long list of adverse effects instead of selecting highly specialized innovative treatment options.
To make an informed choice and get a personalized cancer management plan, which will be tailored to your specific clinical situation, consult medical experts at Booking Health. Being at the forefront of offering the latest medical innovations for already 12 years, Booking Health possesses solid expertise in creating complex cancer management programs in each case. As a reputable company, Booking Health offers personalized treatment for prostate cancer with direct clinic booking and full support at every stage, from organizational processes to assistance during treatment. We provide:
- Assessment and analysis of medical reports
- Development of the medical care program
- Selection of a suitable treatment location
- Preparation of medical documents and forwarding to a suitable clinic
- Preparatory consultations with clinicians for the development of medical care programs
- Expert advice during the hospital stay
- Follow-up care after the patient returns to their native country after completing the medical care program
- Taking care of formalities as part of the preparation for the medical care program
- Coordination and organization of the patient's stay in a foreign country
- Assistance with visas and tickets.
- A personal coordinator and interpreter with 24/7 support
- Transparent budgeting with no hidden costs
Health is an invaluable aspect of our lives. Delegating management of something so fragile yet precious should be done only to experts with proven experience and a reputation. Booking Health is a trustworthy partner who assists you on the way of pursuing stronger health and a better quality of life. Contact our medical consultant to learn more about the possibilities of personalized treatment with innovative methods for prostate cancer with leading specialists in this field.
Advanced Cancer Treatment: Patient Success Stories with Booking Health
Frequently Asked Questions About Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer
Send request for treatmentInitial recovery from surgery usually takes 2-4 weeks, while full functional recovery may take several months. The recovery process from prostate cancer surgery includes adaptation to urination, return to physical activity, and gradual recovery of energy.
Yes, it is a major surgery, as it involves the complete removal of the prostate gland. However, modern radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer, especially in the minimally invasive version, is a well-standardized operation with predictable results in experienced centers.
This is a radical treatment method in which the prostate gland is completely removed in order to cure the cancer when the disease is organ-limited or has spread locally. Radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer allows for maximum local control and accurate staging.
The best candidates are men with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer, in good general condition, and with a life expectancy of more than 10 years. Indications for prostate cancer radical prostatectomy are determined by stage, PSA level, tumor histology, and individual patient priorities.
The main risks of radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer include temporary or permanent urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, bleeding, and infectious complications. The frequency and severity of risks depend largely on the surgical technique and the experience of the surgeon.
The catheter is usually removed after 7-14 days, return to light activity is possible after a few weeks, and full rehabilitation can take up to 6-12 months. The duration of recovery from prostate cancer surgery is individual and depends on age, comorbidities, and rehabilitation support.
A comparison of robotic vs open prostatectomy prostate cancer shows that the robotic-assisted approach is generally associated with less blood loss, faster recovery, and better visualization, while open surgery remains effective in the hands of experienced surgeons and may be appropriate in selected clinical situations.
Yes, in carefully selected patients, a nerve-sparing technique can significantly improve the chances of preserving an erection. Nerve-sparing prostatectomy effects depend on age, baseline sexual function, tumor stage, and surgeon experience, and recovery can take several months.
Choose treatment abroad and you will for sure get the best results!
Authors:
This article was edited by medical experts, board-certified doctors Dr. Nadezhda Ivanisova, and Dr. Daria Sukhoruchenko. For the treatment of the conditions referred to in the article, you must consult a doctor; the information in the article is not intended for self-medication!
Our editorial policy, which details our commitment to accuracy and transparency, is available here. Click this link to review our policies.
Sources:
[1] Mamello Sekhoacha, Keamogetswe Riet, Paballo Motloung et al. Prostate Cancer Review: Genetics, Diagnosis, Treatment Options, and Alternative Approaches. Molecules. 2022 Sep 5;27(17):5730. doi: 10.3390/molecules27175730. [DOI] [PMC free article]
[2] Dragan Ilic, Sue M Evans, Christie Ann Allan et al. Laparoscopic and robotic‐assisted versus open radical prostatectomy for the treatment of localised prostate cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Sep 12;2017(9):CD009625. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009625.pub2. [DOI] [PMC free article]
[3] Albert C Leung, Arnold Melman. Radical Perineal Prostatectomy: A More Optimal Treatment Approach Than Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy in Obese Patients? Rev Urol. 2005 Winter;7(1):48–52. [PMC free article]
[4] Michael Lipke, Chandru P Sundaram. Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. J Minim Access Surg. 2005 Oct;1(4):196–201. doi: 10.4103/0972-9941.19267. [DOI] [PMC free article]
[5] Iason Kyriazis, Theodoros Spinos, Arman Tsaturyan et al. Different Nerve-Sparing Techniques during Radical Prostatectomy and Their Impact on Functional Outcomes. Cancers (Basel). 2022 Mar 22;14(7):1601. doi: 10.3390/cancers14071601. [DOI] [PMC free article]
[6] C Persu, D Georgescu, I Arabagiu et al. TURP for BPH. How Large is Too Large? J Med Life. 2010 Nov 25;3(4):376–380. [PMC free article]
[7] Anna Bill-Axelson, Lars Holmberg, Hans Garmo et al. Radical Prostatectomy or Watchful Waiting in Early Prostate Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2014 Mar 6;370(10):932–942. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1311593 [DOI] [PMC free article]
[8] Joseph M Unger, Cathee Till, Catherine M Tangen et al. Long-Term Adverse Effects and Complications After Prostate Cancer Treatment. JAMA Oncol. 2024 Nov 7;10(12):1654–1662. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.4397. [DOI] [PMC free article]
[9] Linda M Huynh, Thomas E Ahlering. Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Step-by-Step Guide. J Endourol. 2018 May 1;32(Suppl 1):S-28–S-32. doi: 10.1089/end.2017.0723. [DOI] [PMC free article]
[10] Jesse D Le, Samuel Stephenson, Michelle Brugger et al. MRI-ultrasound fusion biopsy for prediction of final prostate pathology. J Urol. 2014 May 1;192(5):1367–1373. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.04.094. [DOI] [PMC free article]
Read:
Comprehensive Guide to Prostate Cancer Treatment: New and Standard Treatment Options
Article menu:
- Indications for prostatectomy in prostate cancer
- Types of prostatectomy in men with prostate cancer
- Postoperative period in prostate carcinoma surgeries
- How radical prostatectomy works for prostate carcinoma
- Benefits of radical prostatectomy in prostate cancer
- Complications after prostatectomy for prostate carcinoma
- Innovations and advances in prostate carcinoma radical treatment
- Radical Prostatectomy vs Other Prostate Carcinoma Treatments
- How to avoid negative consequences after prostate carcinoma surgery?
- Selection of the hospital for radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer
- Patient experience: What to expect from radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer
- How can I undergo prostate cancer treatment abroad?
- A Medical Journey: Every Step of the Way With Booking Health
- Frequently Asked Questions About Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer
Don't know where to start?
Contact Booking Health
