Diagnostic tests for testicular yolk sac tumor in University Hospital Saarland Homburg

About the department

The Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology, Andrology at the University Hospital Saarland Homburg provides the full range of services in the fields of its competence, meeting the high standards of modern university medicine. The department specializes in the diagnostics and treatment of diseases of the kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The medical facility also successfully treats diseases of the prostate gland, testicles, penis, male infertility, and erectile dysfunction. In addition, the department's doctors admit children with congenital and acquired diseases of the urinary system, as well as boys with congenital malformations of the reproductive system. A unique feature of the department is an advanced Center for da Vinci Robotic Surgery, which performs many effective minimally invasive interventions for prostate gland, bladder, and kidney cancer. Since 2006, when the center first opened its doors to its patients, the specialists have performed a total of more than 7,000 robot-assisted surgical procedures, including more than 5,000 prostatectomies, about 260 cystectomies, and more than 1,500 nephrectomies. Since 2016, the center's surgeons have also performed 23 kidney transplants with the da Vinci surgical system. The department is headed by Prof. Dr. med. Michael Stöckle.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common oncological diseases in men, so the department's doctors often treat this pathology and have the widest opportunities to deal with it. The PSA test, a digital rectal exam, a transrectal ultrasound scan, and a biopsy are used to diagnose prostate cancer. Imaging tests help the department's urologists determine the stage of the oncological process. A treatment regimen is developed individually for each patient based on his diagnostic data, cancer stage, age, and general health condition. In most cases, the therapy is based on tumor resection surgery along with the prostate gland (prostatectomy), which is performed in the department with the innovative da Vinci surgical system. Robot-assisted interventions are the most sparing of all the surgical treatment options available. In addition, da Vinci robot-assisted surgery has been practiced in the department since 2006, and the specialists have tremendous experience in this medical field. Modern chemotherapy regimens are also often used. Many patients with prostate cancer are also prescribed brachytherapy (internal radiation therapy). The essence of this type of treatment is the placement of radioactive seeds directly into the tumor. In this case, the radiation source has the maximum effect on the tumor but practically does not cause any damage to the adjacent healthy tissues.

The department also successfully treats bladder, kidney, adrenal, ureteral, and urethral cancers. The results of the patient's diagnostic examinations are considered at an interdisciplinary tumor board, during which doctors cooperatively develop a treatment regimen for a particular clinical case. The main treatment method for urinary system cancers is surgery. As an advanced medical facility, the department offers its patients the most sparing type of surgery, namely da Vinci robot-assisted surgery. The intervention is complemented by conservative treatment methods, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and others.

The department's pride is the Center for da Vinci Robotic Surgery, which became one of the first medical facilities of this kind in Germany. The specialists initially practiced only robot-assisted surgery for prostate cancer, but today they also successfully perform kidney and bladder tumor removal surgery, partial and total kidney and bladder removal surgery, as well as kidney transplants. The Center for da Vinci Robotic Surgery has two state-of-the-art robotic surgeons with which more than 600 interventions of varying complexity are performed annually. The department is one of the most competent medical facilities in the field of da Vinci robot-assisted surgery, which is increasingly replacing classical surgery. This is not surprising, since robot-assisted surgery has many advantages. The main benefits of using the da Vinci surgical system include minimal pain, minimal blood loss, and a short hospital stay. It is worth noting that the surgical system does not work independently but is controlled by the operating doctor, thanks to which the robot acts as an "assistant" that implements the surgeon's decisions absolutely accurately and without the slightest deviation.

The department's urologists treat patients with benign pathologies, including benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, urinary incontinence in women and men, urethral strictures, kidney stone disease, urinary tract infections, and sexually transmitted diseases. When treating benign diseases, the specialists mainly use conservative treatment methods. For example, antibiotic therapy is prescribed for infectious diseases, and kidney stone disease can be treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

The department has excellent resources to provide medical care to young patients with urologic diseases. Pediatric urologists most often treat phimosis, undescended testicles, hydrocele, hypospadias, enuresis (nocturnal and daytime), and vesicoureteral reflux. A child needs comprehensive diagnostics, which may include blood and urine tests, X-ray scans, ultrasound scans, urodynamic tests, uroflowmetry, and other diagnostic procedures, to provide optimal treatment. Therapeutic options in pediatric urology include both conservative and surgical methods. Depending on the complexity of the clinical case, the department's specialists use drug therapy, injection therapy, biofeedback, and surgical procedures. Surgery is often performed for congenital malformations of the reproductive system in boys. Doctors perform operations on an outpatient basis, which makes hospitalization unnecessary.

The work of the department's andrologists is focused on treating male infertility and erectile dysfunction. In the first case, it is often enough to normalize the man's hormonal levels or treat urologic pathologies (for example, testicular diseases, ejaculatory duct obstruction, or ejaculatory disorders) that prevent him from conceiving a child. Men with complex forms of male infertility may require interventional procedures such as testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) or microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA). As for erectile dysfunction, the department's doctors often use only modern medications. The department's doctors also perform microsurgical procedures to repair the penile curvature in men.

The department provides the diagnostics and treatment of the following diseases:

• Adult urology
  • Prostate diseases
    • Prostate cancer
    • Benign prostatic hyperplasia
    • Prostatitis
  • Testicular and penile diseases 
    • Testicular cancer
    • Penile cancer
    • Penile curvature
    • Inflammatory processes in the testicles and epididymis
  • Bladder diseases
    • Bladder cancer
    • Bladder stones
    • Urinary incontinence in men and women
    • Inflammatory processes in the bladder
  • Kidney, adrenal and ureteral diseases
    • Kidney cancer
    • Adrenal cancer
    • Renal pelvis and ureteral cancers
    • Kidney and ureteral stones
    • Renal pelvis outflow stenosis
    • Inflammatory processes in the renal pelvis
  • Urethral diseases
    • Urethral stricture
    • Urethral cancer
• Pediatric urology
  • Undescended testicles
  • Testicular torsion
  • Phimosis (foreskin narrowing)
  • Hydrocele
  • Hypospadias
  • Vesicoureteral reflux
  • Megaureter
  • Neurogenic bladder
  • Urethral valves
  • Duplex kidney
  • Enuresis (urinary incontinence in children)
  • Renal pelvis outflow stenosis
  • Tumors (Wilms' tumor, testicular tumors, etc.)
• Andrology
  • Male infertility
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Peyronie's disease
• Other diseases

The department's range of therapeutic options includes:

• Conservative treatment
  • Drug therapy with pills
  • Injection therapy
  • Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
  • Ultrasound therapy
  • Biofeedback therapy 
• Surgical treatment
  • Da Vinci robot-assisted surgery
  • Endoscopic interventions
  • Laser interventions (ND:YAG neodymium laser)
  • Brachytherapy (internal irradiation)
• Other treatment methods