Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia

About the disease

Anemia is a condition that develops when the level of red blood cells is lower than usual. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia and occurs when there is an insufficient amount of mineral iron in the blood. Iron is responsible for producing hemoglobin, which is vital for the distribution of oxygen throughout the body and is also important for the functioning of the muscles.

In mild cases of iron deficiency anemia, it is possible for there to be no symptoms. It may therefore take years for the sufferer to know that they have iron deficiency anemia. Women who have iron deficiency anemia might first experience symptoms of their condition if they have a heavy period or if they lost a substantial amount of blood during childbirth.

Iron deficiency anemia can develop as a result of bad dietary habits. Iron deficiency anemia can be caused by eating an insufficient amount of protein, which can be found in foods such as meat, vegetables, eggs and fish. (Leafy and green vegetables contain the most iron.)

Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia. It can also be a primary cause of general anemia, as well as a separate condition on its own. Some conditions, such as ulcers and polyps can cause internal bleeding, which in turn can lead to iron deficiency anemia.

Symptoms

• Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Paleness
• Shortness of breath
• Cravings for strange food such as ice or clay
• Cold hands
• Rapid heartbeat

Diagnosis

• During a general examination, the doctor will ask the patient about their dietary habits and will also examine their skin color.
• The patient will also be asked if any of their relatives have suffered from iron deficiency anemia.
• Results of a complete blood count test can be used to determine whether the patient has enough red blood cells and if their hemoglobin level is normal. It can also measure the level of iron in the blood, which can help to determine whether enough oxygen is being pumped around the body.
• An endoscopy can rule out the possibility of internal bleeding.

Treatment

• Conservative treatment, such as iron supplements, can be used to normalize the iron levels in the patient’s blood. In most cases, these need to be taken for several months to have full effect.
• The doctor will also recommend that the patient go on an iron rich diet.

Authors: Dr. Vadim Zhiliuk, Dr. Sergey Pashchenko