Testicular Cancer: Diagnostic in the Best Hospitals in the World
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Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology, Andrology
The Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology, Andrology offers the full range of services in the areas of its specialization. Men and boys with diseases of the reproductive system can be diagnosed and treated in the medical facility. Doctors also treat infertility and erectile dysfunction. Medical care is provided to men and women with diseases of the urinary system, namely kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The department is certified as the Prostate Cancer Center by the German Cancer Society (DKG), which indicates the excellent quality of the services provided in this area. The department's urologists have a perfect command of the innovative treatment methods, including holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), photodynamic therapy, and da Vinci robot-assisted surgery. The department employs comprehensively trained and experienced doctors who apply advanced medical achievements in their practice. Each patient is provided with an individual approach, considering their specific needs and wishes.
Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology, Andrology
The Department of Urology annually examines more than 730 men with suspected testicular cancer. The department offers all necessary examination methods, including the full range of laboratory tests, ultrasound and tomography, as well as a testicular biopsy with histological examination of the material. The department is headed by Prof. Dr. med. Martin Kriegmair, who is a member of the German Society of Urology, as well as of the European and American Association of Urologists.
Department of Urology
The Department of Urology offers the full range of diagnostics and treatment in this medical field. The department's doctors have excellent qualifications in the treatment of diseases of the kidneys, urinary tract and reproductive organs in men. Of particular interest is the treatment of malignant urological neoplasms, which include prostate cancer, testicular cancer, kidney and bladder cancer. The department has in its arsenal many effective conservative and surgical treatment techniques, which can fully restore men's health.
Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology
The Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology provides high-precision diagnostic examinations and effective treatment for diseases of the genitourinary system and reproductive system in men and boys. Of particular interest is drug therapy and surgical treatment of prostate, bladder, kidney, testicular, and penile cancers. The department is part of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm (CCCU). For the patient, this means that their clinical case is studied by a multidisciplinary tumor board, which determines the optimal treatment tactics. The department is also certified by the German Cancer Society (DKG), so all therapeutic procedures meet strict national and international standards. The department's team of urologists also has unique clinical experience in the minimally invasive treatment of kidney stone disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, neuro-urological dysfunction, and all urologic diseases in children. During the surgical treatment, the specialists at the medical facility successfully use minimally traumatic surgical techniques. They perform endoscopic, laser, minimally invasive, and robot-assisted surgery using the innovative Da Vinci system. The department treats about 3,000 inpatients and 9,000 outpatients with clinical cases of varying complexity annually. The number of surgical procedures performed and treatment outcomes are regularly published by the authorized commission of the Initiative Quality in Medicine (IQM).
Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology, Andrology
According to the Focus magazine, the Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology, Andrology is one of the best medical facilities in Germany for prostate cancer treatment! The department provides the full range of diagnostic and therapeutic services for men and women with diseases of the urinary system, representatives of the stronger sex with pathologies of the reproductive system, and children with congenital and acquired urological conditions. The department specializes in conservative and surgical treatment of malignant tumors of the male genitals, kidneys, and bladder. The specialists at the healthcare facility are proud of the status as a Training Center for Robotic Urological Surgery with certification by the European Association of Urology (EAU). Robotic surgery with the da Vinci system is an integral part of the daily clinical practice of the department's doctors, and the presence here of one of the best da Vinci surgery training centers in Europe testifies to the advanced experience of the department's medical team in this field. Together with the Department of Nephrology and the Department of Surgery, it is part of the Kidney Transplant Center, the largest of its kind in Germany. The unique feature of this center is that almost all operations to remove a kidney from a living donor are minimally invasive procedures. Men with andrological problems can also be treated in the department. Special attention is given to the treatment of erectile dysfunction, infertility, and hormonal imbalances.
Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology
According to the Focus magazine, the Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology ranks among the top German departments specializing in prostate cancer treatment! The department offers the full range of diagnostics and treatment of the urinary system in men and boys. The department has a long history, rich traditions, and is also a recognized center of excellence in the treatment of all urological diseases. The department specializes in the treatment of malignant urological diseases, reconstructive surgery, pediatric urology, treatment of urinary tract dysfunction and kidney stone disease.
Department of Urology
According to the Focus magazine, the Department of Urology ranks among the top German medical institutions specializing in prostate cancer treatment! The department offers the full range of high-precision diagnostic studies and effective therapeutic options for men with diseases of the genitourinary system. The doctors of the department specialize in the treatment of prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, kidney, testicular cancers, urolithiasis, erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence. There are also excellent qualifications in the field of reconstructive urology.
Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology, Andrology
According to the Focus magazine, the Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology, Andrology is one of the best medical facilities in Germany for prostate cancer treatment! The department provides effective treatment for the entire spectrum of diseases of the urinary tract and male reproductive system in accordance with the highest medical standards. Patients of all ages, from newborns to the elderly, can receive medical care. The department's primary specialty is reconstructive urology: surgeons perform reconstructive urethral plastic surgery, artificial sphincter and synthetic tape (sling) implantation surgery to treat urinary incontinence, reconstructive penile plastic surgery to correct congenital and acquired defects, and penile prosthetics for erectile dysfunction. An equally important focus of the urology team is the surgical treatment of oncologic diseases such as bladder, kidney, adrenal, prostate, testicular, and penile cancer. Almost all surgical procedures to treat cancer are performed using minimally traumatic microsurgical and robot-assisted techniques – the department's urologists have the innovative da Vinci system at their disposal. Tumor drug therapy is provided in cooperation with specialists at the Cancer Center Hamburg. The department is a certified Urologic Oncology Center of the German Cancer Society (DKG). It is also one of the leading centers for pediatric urology in Germany and has the status of a certified training center for physicians of the European Society for Pediatric Urology (ESUP).
Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology
According to the Focus magazine, the Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology ranks among the top German medical facilities specializing in prostate cancer treatment! The department offers the full range of advanced methods of diagnostics and treatment of all genitourinary system diseases, including in children. Of particular interest is the treatment of patients with urinary tract and kidney tumors, kidney stone disease, prostate diseases, treatment of urinary incontinence, andrologic disorders and urological problems in young patients. Since 2010, the department has been certified as the Prostate Cancer Center (certified by the German Cancer Society, recertified in 2016).
Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology, Andrology
According to the Focus magazine, the Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology, Andrology ranks among the best departments in Germany specializing in prostate cancer treatment! The department offers the full range of diagnostic and therapeutic services in the fields of its expertise. The department's medical team specializes in the treatment of diseases of the urinary tract in women and men, as well as in the treatment of pathologies of the reproductive system in adult men and children, andrological diseases in men. The primary focus of the clinical practice of the department's doctors is medical care for patients with kidney, bladder, ureteral, urethral, prostate, testicular and penile cancers. The department's specialists keep pace with medical innovations, so most surgical interventions are performed using sparing laparoscopic techniques that do not require large incisions in the skin and soft tissues. To treat prostate cancer, doctors successfully use robot-assisted prostatectomy with the da Vinci surgical system. This intervention has many advantages over classical surgery and is available only in the best hospitals in the world. In addition, the department's doctors demonstrate excellent results in the treatment of kidney stone disease, urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. A specially trained team of doctors has been formed for the treatment of urological pathologies in children. Of particular interest is the correction of congenital genitourinary anomalies in young patients.
Department of Urology
The Department of Urology specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of a full range of kidney, bladder, and urethral diseases in both men and women, as well as prostate, testicular, and penile pathologies. The department provides both conservative and surgical treatment. The department successfully practices innovative da Vinci robotic surgery and performs laparoscopic and endoscopic procedures. These operations are classified as minimally traumatic, while their effectiveness is comparable to the results of classical open surgery. Doctors of the department, together with specialists in nephrology and transplantology, perform kidney transplants, including from living donors. It should be noted that the medical facility is one of the few in Germany to perform kidney transplants using the da Vinci robotic technology. The priority focus of the urologists of the department is the treatment of cancers of the urinary system and male genitalia. The department is certified by the German Cancer Society (DKG) as a specialized center for prostate, testicular, kidney, and bladder cancer. The exceptional professionalism of the department's medical team, combined with state-of-the-art equipment, forms a solid basis for providing high-quality medical services to patients with urological diseases.
Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology
The Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology offers the diagnostics and treatment of all diseases of the urinary system organs (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, etc.), as well as of the male reproductive organs in adults and children. The department specializes in the surgical and drug treatment of oncological diseases, correction of complex malformations, and plastic reconstructive urology. The department is the certified Prostate Cancer Centre.
Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology
The Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology provides high-precision diagnostics and effective treatment of the full range of diseases of the kidneys, urinary tract, bladder, prostate, testicles and their appendages, vas deferens and penis. The treatment of urologic cancers is of particular interest. The focus of pediatric urologists is on young patients with congenital and acquired malformations of the genitourinary system. The department has its in-house advanced operating rooms, an X-ray unit, and two stations with 57 beds. The high quality of medical care is confirmed by many prestigious certificates, including the DEKRA certificate and the certificate of the European Board of Urology. As one of the best urologic facilities in Germany and a leading urology clinic in Munich, the department has been offering patients the daVinci robot-assisted surgery since 2009, which has many advantages for patients: minimal pain, speedy recovery, the highest level of precision compared to conventional surgical interventions.
Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology
According to the Focus magazine, the Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology ranks among the top German medical facilities specializing in prostate cancer treatment! The department offers services for the diagnostics and treatment of diseases of the kidneys, urinary tract and pathologies of the reproductive organs in men. The therapeutic options are complemented by the treatment of urological problems in children. The department's doctors focus on the patients with oncopathologies (prostate cancer, renal cell cancer, bladder cancer, testicular cancer). Of particular interest is minimally invasive therapy of stones in the kidneys, ureters and bladder. The doctors have in their arsenal conventional and the very latest conservative, drug and surgical therapies, which allow them to achieve the best result in clinical cases of varying severity.
Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology
According to the Focus magazine, the Department of Adult and Pediatric Urology ranks among the top German departments specializing in prostate cancer treatment! The department offers the widest range of modern diagnostic and therapeutic methods for accurate detection and treatment of diseases of the genitourinary system in men and boys. The priority focus of the department is the treatment of prostate cancer (certification of the German Cancer Society).
Department of Urology
According to the Focus magazine, the Department of Urology is included in the ranking of the top German departments for prostate cancer treatment! The department offers the full range of diagnostics and treatment of diseases of the kidneys, bladder and urinary tract, male genital organs. The department has advanced experience in urologic surgery and is one of the most reputable medical institutions specializing in the treatment of benign and malignant prostate diseases. In 2009, the department was certified by the German Cancer Society as the Prostate Cancer Center.
Testicular cancer is a relatively rare disease. It accounts for about 2% of malignant tumors in men. At the same time, the pathology is detected mainly in young men. The disease is mostly diagnosed at the age of 25-35 years. In this age category, this is the first most common oncological disease. It usually responds well to treatment. Nonetheless, it is important to make an accurate diagnostics in order not only to identify the tumor, but also to understand what kind of histological type it is, what stage the disease has and how to provide the best treatment for it.
Content
- Is it possible to diagnose testicular cancer at an early stage?
- Ultrasound scan
- Blood test
- Biopsy
- Other tests
- Diagnostics abroad with the Booking Health company
Is it possible to diagnose testicular cancer at an early stage?
The diagnostics of testicular cancer at an early stage is possible. Moreover, in most cases, the tumor can be detected early. There are at least two reasons for this:
- The early onset of symptoms of testicular cancer. Even in case of small tumors, a man experiences pain in the scrotum, the scrotum become swollen and contains a lump that can be palpated.
- The men are very careful about their genitals. They do not always consult a specialist in case of symptoms arising from the intestines, bronchopulmonary or cardiovascular system, but the slightest signs of pathology affecting the genitals cause concern, which becomes the reason for visiting a doctor. The doctor may suspect a tumor by palpating the scrotum.
In general, testicular cancer is not common, but if you have reason to believe that you are at risk for this disease, it is worthwhile to conduct a self-examination. Particularly at risk are those who had cryptorchidism, as well as people with burdened heredity.
Below is the instructions for self-examination of the testis:
- You should make the examination after a shower or bath when the scrotum is in a relaxed state.
- You should put aside the penis and carefully examine each testicle.
- You should roll each of them individually between the thumb and forefinger.
When making an examination, the man can detect dense nodules, as well as any changes in the density of the testicles. The location of one testicle below the other is not a sign of pathology, their slightly different sizes, as well as the presence of a small tubercle on the outside of the testicle is an appendage that any man has. Sometimes the man can detect enlarged veins. This is a sign of the disease (varicocele), but it has nothing to do with malignant neoplasms.
Should nodules be detected or one testiscle be swollen, painful, you should see a doctor. He will palpate, make an ultrasound scan and determine exactly whether there is reason to suspect a malignant process.
Ultrasound scan
An ultrasound scan is the main initial diagnostic method for testicular cancer. If the doctor has palpated a suspicious neoplasm, he will certainly prescribe this study for you.
The ultrasound scan helps to understand whether the nodule found in the testicle is dense. If so, in the vast majority of cases it is a malignant tumor, because other dense neoplasms of corresponding localization are almost never found. The doctor can immediately prescribe you an operation to remove the testicle, even without a biopsy.
Blood test
Although ultrasound can detect a testicular tumor, it does not make it possible to determine its histological type. This can be done using a blood test for tumor markers. These include:
- human chorionic gonadotropin with a high probability indicates a non-seminoma tumor, less often this can be a seminoma;
- alpha-fetoprotein levels can often be elevated in non-seminoma tumors, but never increased in case of seminoma.
Thus, the identification of any oncological markers suggests that the neoplasm detected in the scrotum with ultrasound is highly likely to be a non-seminoma tumor. This is important for choosing a treatment method, because only seminomas are sensitive to radiation therapy.
However, the absence of tumor markers in the blood does not mean that a person does not have cancer. Some tumors never produce these substances or do so very rarely. In addition, any cancer in the initial stage does not increase the levels of tumor markers so that the results of the study could be interpreted unambiguously.
Sometimes the patient may be indicated a lactate dehydrogenase test. The levels of this enzyme rises with the spread of the tumor process. A high concentration of LDH indicates an advanced form of testicular cancer.
Biopsy
A biopsy is not used for testicular cancer diagnostics. Firstly, almost any dense mass in the scrotum is cancer, and therefore the diagnosis can be confirmed by ultrasound. A biopsy does not make much sense. Secondly, it is dangerous because it can lead to the spread of the tumor.
Therefore, a histological examination is carried out after the operation to remove the testicle. The tumor fragments are examined under a microscope, after which the doctors make a conclusion on the type of cancer. Based on this, the doctor makes a decision whether the patient needs radiation therapy, whether chemotherapy is required and according to what scheme it should be performed.
The removal of the testicle is very rarely preceded by a biopsy. If the doctor suspects that the neoplasm may be benign, he may not perform an orchiectomy right away. The biopsy is performed in the operating room. The doctor makes an incision above the pubis, while the spermatic cord does not intersect. He removes the testicle and examines it. If there is no sign of cancer, he will put it back into the scrotum and suture the wound. If there is a suspicious neoplasm, its fragment will be immediately examined. Should the malignant process be confirmed, the doctor has to continue the surgical procedure and remove the testicle.
Other tests
Other imaging tests can also be used to assess the stage of testicular cancer. They make it possible to understand whether the tumor spread to the lymph nodes, whether the treatment is effective. The imaging tests are also used to detect recurrence of a tumor after surgery.
Here are the main tests to evaluate the stage of testicular cancer and its spread:
- chest x-ray;
- ultrasound;
- MRI;
- CT.
Only if it is suspected that testicular cancer has spread to the brain or spinal cord is MRI carried out. A CT scan allows for the detection of foci of tumor spread in the liver and lymph nodes. A chest x-ray will be carried out if the spread of testicular cancer to the lungs is suspected.
Sometimes the doctor may carry out a PET scan. It is effective only for seminomas. It is not always possible to evaluate the spread of non-seminoma tumors using a PET scan because these tumors do not accumulate a radionuclide well. A radioactive substance is introduced into the human body and it selectively accumulates in cancer cells. This is followed by CT scan. The drug accumulation sites are determined by the doctor as metastasis.
A bone x-ray can rarely be performed, since testicular cancer can also spread to these areas.
Diagnostics abroad with the Booking Health company
To diagnose testicular cancer, establish the exact stage and plan the most effective treatment, you can go to one of the best hospitals in the world. The Booking Health company can arrange this trip for you. We are dealers in the field of medical tourism and provide the following benefits:
- Selection of the best hospital, which specializes in the diagnostics and treatment of testicular cancer.
- Reduced treatment costs up to 50% due to the lack of additional coefficients for foreign patients.
- Establishment of communication with a urologist who will be involved in your diagnostics and treatment.
- Selection of the most suitable dates for the diagnostics.
- Preparation of a diagnostic program abroad, without the need to repeat previously completed studies.
- Monitoring of the diagnostic and treatment program at all their stages.
- Monitoring of the cost of procedures, financial expenses and the return of all unspent funds upon completion of the program.
- Buying and forwarding of medicines prescribed by a urologist.
- Organization of additional diagnostics or treatment after completion of the main program.
- Communication with the hospital after diagnostics.
We guarantee high-level service. The Booking Health staff will book a hotel and airline tickets for you, help you get a visa, provide the interpreting services and arrange transfers from the airport to the hospital and back.
Authors:
The article was edited by medical experts, board certified doctors Dr. Vadim Zhiliuk and Dr. Sergey Pashchenko. For the treatment of the conditions referred to in the article, you must consult a doctor; the information in the article is not intended for self-medication!
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