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Diagnostic and treatment of Acute myeloid leukemia

Cost for treatment

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Diagnosis
9215.39
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
101311.85
Consolidation treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
46140.62

University Hospital Mannheim

9.8/10
location_onGermany, Mannheim

Department of Hematology and Oncology

According to the reputable Focus magazine, the University Hospital Mannheim ranks among the top medical institutions of Germany, which is an undeniable confirmation of the impeccable medical care and excellent reputation of the hospital! The hospital is a high-tech modern medical institution, which provides accurate diagnosis an
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Diagnosis
16012.41
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
221931.68
Consolidation treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
74581.68

University Hospital Ulm

8.7/10
location_onGermany, Ulm

Department of Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Care, Rheumatology and Infectology

The University Hospital Ulm started its activities 35 years ago and during this time it has become one of the most prestigious medical institutions in Europe. The hospital is famous for its numerous discoveries and the world-class achievements in medicine and pharmaceuticals. The medical facility has 29 specialized departments a
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Diagnosis
17705.78
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
284097.71
Consolidation treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
73276.68

University Hospital Freiburg

9.7/10
location_onGermany, Freibung

Department of Hematology and Oncology

The University Hospital Freiburg is famous for its rich history and is one of the oldest and most prestigious medical facilities in Germany (one of the three best medical institutions in the country). The hospital was based on the Faculty of Medicine of the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, which celebrated its 550th anniver
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Diagnosis
18417.78
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
304835.72
Consolidation treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
91027.81

University Hospital Heidelberg

9.8/10
location_onGermany, Heidelberg

Department of Hematology, Oncology, Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology

According to Focus magazine, the University Hospital Heidelberg ranks among the top five hospitals in Germany! The hospital is one of the most advanced and reputable medical institutions not only in Germany, but throughout Europe. There are more than 43 specialized departments and 13 medical institutes, which cover all fields of
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Diagnosis
0
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
0
Consolidation treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
0

University Hospital Frankfurt am Main

10/10

Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, Rheumatology and Infectology

According to the reputable Focus magazine, the University Hospital Frankfurt am Main ranks among the top German medical facilities! The hospital was founded in 1914 and today is a well-known German medical facility, which combines rich traditions and scientific innovations. A medical team of more than 6,500 employees cares about
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Diagnosis
16842.39
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
263649.92
Consolidation treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
79887.29

University Hospital RWTH Aachen

8.7/10
location_onGermany, Aachen

Department of Oncology and Hematology

According to the prestigious Focus magazine, the University Hospital RWTH Aachen ranks among the top German hospitals! As a maximum care university medical facility, the hospital guarantees patients first-class medical services combined with a respectful and human attitude. The hospital integrates all the modern options for the
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Diagnosis
18482.51
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
304372.19
Consolidation treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
91024.68

University Hospital Würzburg

9.2/10
location_onGermany, Würzburg

Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology, Oncology, Hepatology, Infectology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology

According to the Focus magazine in 2019, the University Hospital Würzburg ranks among the top national German hospitals! The hospital is one of the oldest medical facilities in Germany. The centuries-old traditions of first-class treatment are combined with the very latest achievements of modern evidence-based medicine and
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Diagnosis
16021.8
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
242867.02
Consolidation treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
74622.4

University Hospital Erlangen

9.1/10
location_onGermany, Erlangen

Department of Hematology and Oncology

According to the Focus magazine, University Hospital Erlangen ranks among the best medical facilities in Germany! The hospital is one of the leading healthcare facilities in Bavaria and offers top-class medical care distinguished by the close intertwining of clinical activities with research and training of medical students. The
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Diagnosis
17750.67
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
284275.19
Consolidation treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
73526.2

University Hospital Halle (Saale)

9.6/10
location_onGermany, Halle

Department of Hematology and Oncology

According to the prestigious Focus magazine, the University Hospital Halle (Saale) ranks among the top German medical facilities! The history of the hospital has more than 300 years, and during this time it managed to earn an excellent reputation not only in Germany, but throughout the world. The hospital positions itself as a s
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Diagnosis
16092.8
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
242513.1
Consolidation treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
74491.9

University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf

9.2/10
location_onGermany, Hamburg

Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pulmonology

According to the Focus magazine, the University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf ranks among the top ten hospitals in Germany! Since its foundation in 1889, the hospital has taken a leading position in the European medical arena and still occupies it until today. A highly competent medical team of more than 11,000 employees takes care
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Diagnosis
15862.07
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
242598.71
Consolidation treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
74725.75

Charite University Hospital Berlin

9/10
location_onGermany, Berlin

Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center

According to the authoritative Focus magazine, the Charite University Hospital Berlin occupies the first place in the rating of the top German medical facilities! The hospital is one of the largest and leading university medical complexes in Europe. The hospital in Germany provides modern diagnostics and treatment of patients, a
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Diagnosis
15802.56
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
242648.82
Consolidation treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
74642.23

University Hospital Bonn

9.2/10
location_onGermany, Bonn

Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immunoncology

According to the authoritative Focus magazine, the University Hospital Bonn ranks among the top ten medical facilities in Germany! The hospital was opened on January 1, 2001, although in fact it inherits the medical facility, which operated at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Bonn. The hospital in Germany combin
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Diagnosis
18506.52
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
304502.69
Consolidation treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
91040.34

University Hospital Giessen UKGM

9.5/10
location_onGermany, Giessen

Department of Oncology, Hematology and Palliative Care

The University Hospital Giessen UKGM positions itself as an ultramodern medical facility with outstanding quality of medical care. The hospital presents almost all areas of medicine, ranging from ophthalmology to traumatology and dentistry. The priorities of the hospital’s activities include surgery, neurosurgery, oncology
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Diagnosis
15819.27
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
242641.51
Consolidation treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
74501.29

University Hospital of Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich

10/10
location_onGermany, Munich

Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation

According to the Focus magazine, the University Hospital of Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich is regularly ranked among the best medical institutions in Germany! The hospital is the largest multidisciplinary medical facility, as well as a leading research and training center in Germany and Europe. The hospital is proud of i
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Diagnosis
18342.62
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
304849.3
Consolidation treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
77912.04

University Hospital Marburg UKGM

8.6/10
location_onGermany, Marburg

Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology

The University Hospital Marburg UKGM offers patients modern diagnostics and comprehensive therapy at the international level. As a maximum care hospital, the medical facility specializes in all fields of modern medicine ranging from ophthalmology to traumatology and dentistry. The main areas of specialization of the hospital are
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Diagnosis
15833.88
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
242735.47
Consolidation treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
74464.75

University Hospital Muenster

9.8/10
location_onGermany, Muenster

Department of Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pulmonology

According to the Focus magazine, the University Hospital Muenster ranks among the top German hospitals! The hospital belongs to the most prestigious medical institutions in Germany. The hospital is distinguished by a high professionalism of its doctors, state-of-the-art technological equipment and the availability of the most ad
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Diagnosis
15969.6
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
243033.01
Consolidation treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
74663.11
| from Booking Health GmbH

Myeloid leukemia is a tumor that develops from hematopoietic cells. Cancer starts in the bone marrow and can then spread to the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, brain, or testicles. This disease is deadly, but it is successfully treated in developed countries. You can go abroad to receive high-quality medical services. Booking Health, a medical tourism provider, will help you to select the most suitable hospital and arrange your trip.

Content

  1. Chemotherapy
  2. Targeted therapy
  3. Other medications
  4. Radiation therapy
  5. Stem cell transplant
  6. Where to undergo myeloid leukemia treatment?

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is cancer that affects blood cells (granulocytes, monocytes).

Treatment of leukemia lasts several months and may be repeated, if necessary.

Depending on disease stage, treatment includes chemotherapy, targeted therapy and stem cells transplantation.

Cost of treatment with chemotherapy starts at €22,027. Price for bone marrow transplantation starts at €97,042. Cost of CAR T-cell therapy starts at €81,970.

Best hospitals in Europe are:

  • University Hospital Rechts der Isar Munich
  • University Hospital Frankfurt am Main
  • University Hospital of Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
  • Helios Hospital Berlin-Buch
  • Clinic of Advanced Biological Medicine Frankfurt am Main

Chemotherapy

 

The mainstay treatment of acute myeloblastic leukemia is chemotherapy. This is usually carried out in three consecutive stages:

Induction is an intensive treatment that lasts about one week. The task of doctors is to cleanse the blood of excess leukocytes and reduce the number of blasts in the bone marrow to normal indicators.

Consolidation is carried out after achieving remission. This is aimed at destroying the remaining small number of pathological cells. Chemotherapy is conducted in cycles. Each cycle is followed by a rest period so that the body can recover and cancer cells become more susceptible to the action of chemotherapy drugs.

Maintenance is a type of treatment when oncologists use low doses of drugs for months or even years after the completion of consolidation. A maintenance step is not required for all patients. This is most commonly used for acute promyelocytic leukemia but is not usually needed for other types of acute myeloid leukemia.

Most chemotherapy drugs are given intravenously. Less commonly, pills or subcutaneous injections are used.

Doctors conduct intrathecal chemotherapy if there are signs of the spread of myeloid leukemia to the central nervous system. The drugs are injected into the lumbar region, into the cerebrospinal fluid. If long-term therapy is required, doctors can implant an Ommaya reservoir in a patient. This requires a minor surgical procedure, during which a hole is drilled in the skull. A tube is inserted through it, which is constantly there. Later, a patient may avoid a painful lumbar puncture as the drugs are injected into the reservoir.

Targeted therapy

 

Targeted therapy is used in addition to chemotherapy and sometimes as a standalone method if chemotherapy does not work.

Drugs from the following pharmacological groups are used abroad:

  • FLT3 inhibitors are used in adult patients if their cells have a mutation in the FLT3 gene;
  • IDH inhibitors can be used in patients with mutations in their IDH1 or IDH2 genes. They block proteins, without which the maturation of pathological cells is impossible;
  • Antibody-drug conjugates are a combination of chemotherapy agents and CD33 monoclonal antibodies, which are present in the leukemic cells of most patients. Monoclonal antibodies deliver drugs directly to cancer cells. They get inside, destroy these cells and block their division. These drugs can be used along with chemotherapy in a first-line therapy regimen. Sometimes they can be used instead of chemotherapy if it is contraindicated;
  • BCL-2 inhibitors are often used in patients over 75 years with concomitant diseases of the internal organs. They block a protein that prolongs the life of cancer cells;
  • Hedgehog pathway inhibitors are used in debilitated elderly patients as a safer alternative to systemic chemotherapy.

Other medications

 

In the case of myeloid leukemia, doctors use drugs that are neither chemotherapy nor targeted therapy.

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a form of vitamin A. This is included in the induction regimen, along with chemotherapy. The drug is safe and can also be used in the consolidation phase. Although the medication can sometimes cause side effects, patients' symptoms are not severe and resolve completely after therapy is completed.

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) can be used in the induction and consolidation phases, combined with ATRA, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. This affects the heart rhythm and therefore requires an ECG several times a week during the entire period of treatment.

Radiation therapy

 

Radiation therapy is rarely used for the treatment of myeloid leukemia. This is carried out only if clinically indicated:

  • to suppress tumor foci outside the bone marrow, for example, in the brain or testicles;
  • total body irradiation may be an adjunct to high-dose chemotherapy before a stem cell transplant;
  • to relieve bone pain if chemotherapy does not help.

Doctors in developed countries use modern radiation therapy options, which help them to deliver the proper dose of radiation to the tumor more safely, with a minimum radiation exposure to the surrounding tissues.

Stem cell transplant

 

In severe cases, doctors resort to a stem cell transplant. This procedure can be:

  • autologous, which involves the transplantation of the patient's own stem cells;
  • allogeneic, during which doctors use donor stem cells.

The essence of the treatment is that doctors prescribe high doses of chemotherapy agents, sometimes combined with total body irradiation, to destroy all cancer cells. The bone marrow is also destroyed along with them. A patient is subsequently injected with stem cells, his own or donor ones, to restore it.

An allogeneic transplant is predominantly used for the treatment of myeloid leukemia, since an autologous one usually does not completely cure this disease. The problem is that the patient's own bone marrow already contains cancer cells, and after the transplant procedure, they will cause the disease recurrence. At the same time, the transplantation from a donor, although more dangerous, helps a person to cure a severe oncohematological disease once and for all.

The donor must be HLA (leukocyte antigen) compatible. It is better if it is a brother or a sister: the probability of a match is about 25%. If there is no suitable donor among the relatives, doctors will look for a suitable unrelated donor in their database. This may take several weeks or even months. The better the compatibility between the donor and the recipient, the greater the chance that stem cells will survive in the body and begin to perform a hematopoietic function.

If the transplantation is a success, an immune response "graft-versus-leukemia" develops. The renewed immunity better recognizes pathological cells and successfully attacks them.

However, this medal also has a downside. Some patients develop graft-versus-host disease. Their immunity begins to attack the body's own tissues, perceiving them as foreign. The better the compatibility of the donor and the recipient, the lower the risk of such complications. Nonetheless, even if such reactions develop, they can be controlled with drugs that suppress the immune system.

Doctors perform a mini-transplant procedure for older people who cannot tolerate a standard allogeneic transplant. This is also called non-myeloablative because high-dose chemotherapy does not completely suppress the bone marrow. After injecting donor stem cells, they exist for some time with the patient's own cells, but then they gradually replace them. The advantage of this approach is less toxicity of treatment. However, there is a risk that the donor cells will not survive in the bone marrow, so a mini-transplant is considered not a standard, but an alternative method of stem cell transplant. This can be used only for those patients who cannot endure the usual procedure due to their poor health.

Where to undergo myeloid leukemia treatment?

 

You can go abroad to undergo myeloid leukemia treatment with modern techniques, safely, and with a good tolerability of therapy. The Booking Health website presents the best hospitals in the world. You can find the cost of treatment to select the most suitable medical care program. Our employees will help you to select a hospital that specializes in the treatment of oncohematological diseases and achieves the best results.

There are a few reasons for you to undergo your leukemia treatment abroad:

  • successful treatment at any age: in children, young or elderly patients;
  • most people abroad can recover from acute myeloid leukemia completely;
  • new treatment regimens that have proven themselves in clinical trials;
  • doctors carry out personalized targeted therapy, which is selected depending on the type of leukemia and genetic mutations in the cells;
  • safe treatment regimens for patients over 75 years who are weakened by concomitant diseases;
  • high-precision radiation therapy options that deliver radiation directly to the tumor, without significant damage to the surrounding healthy tissues;
  • high-quality accompanying treatment to prevent or eliminate complications and get rid of the symptoms of leukemia;
  • in severe cases, doctors can perform a stem cell transplant from a donor to cure even patients who do not respond well to standard drug therapy.

You are welcome to leave your request on the Booking Health website if you are considering treatment abroad. We will contact you within a few hours and advise you on all issues. The Booking Health specialists will fully arrange your trip. When making your treatment appointment through our service, the cost of treatment for you will be lower due to the lack of additional fees for foreign patients.

 

Authors: 

The article was edited by medical experts, board-certified doctors Dr. Vadim Zhiliuk and Dr. Sergey Pashchenko. For the treatment of the conditions referred to in the article, you must consult a doctor; the information in the article is not intended for self-medication!

 

Sources:

Cancer Support Community

Canadian Cancer Society

Healthline




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