Diagnostic and treatment of Melanoma
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University Hospital of Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
Department of Adult and Pediatric Dermatology, Allergology
Medipol Mega University Hospital Istanbul
Department of Dermatology
Primus Super Speciality Hospital New Delhi
Department of Adult and Pediatric Dermatology
University Hospital Frankfurt am Main
Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology
University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf
Department of Dermatology and Venereology
University Hospital Ulm
Department of Dermatology and Allergology
University Hospital Würzburg
Department of Adult and Pediatric Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology
Charite University Hospital Berlin
Department of Adult and Pediatric Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology
University Hospital RWTH Aachen
Department of Dermatology and Allergology
University Hospital Muenster
Department of Adult and Pediatric Dermatology, Venereology
University Hospital Bonn
Department of Dermatology and Allergology
University Hospital Essen
Department of Dermatology
University Hospital Jena
Department of Dermatology
University Hospital Halle (Saale)
Department of Dermatology and Venereology
University Hospital Heidelberg
Department of Adult and Pediatric Dermatology
Melanoma is the rarest type of skin cancer, but it is also the most dangerous one. It develops very quickly and can spread to other organs, if not detected in time. It develops in the melanocytes, which are the skin cells responsible for producing melanin. Melanin protects the skin from harmful effects of exposure to sunlight and prevents sunburn by darkening the skin.
Melanoma is more common in people with fair skin. People with generally dark skin are not likely to develop melanoma, but they are not immune. Very dark skinned people can develop melanoma on the paler parts of their body, such as the palms of their hands or under their nails. Pale skinned people may develop melanoma on areas of the face, such as the nose, under the eyes or near the mouth. People who have moles and freckles are also more at risk of developing this type of cancer.
Melanoma stops the skin from normal producing melanin. It can be caused by long-term exposure to harmful ultraviolet rays or by exposure to certain chemicals.
Melanoma is generally thought to be caused by exposure to ultraviolet rays. However, smoking and having a genetic predisposition can also contribute to the development of this disease. According to the American Cancer Society, 2.5% of pale skinned people risk developing melanoma at some point in their lives, meaning that out of 40 people, 1 is likely to develop melanoma during his/her lifetime.
- Strange moles or sores on the skin, which are not congenital and do not heal over some period of time
- Unevenly colored skin
- Inability to tan in the sun
- Skin burns easily in the sun
- Strange blemishes or marks on the skin
- Bleeding of certain parts of the skin
- During a physical examination, the dermatologist will look for signs of unevenly colored skin or unusual sores, to assess which parts of the skin could be malignant.
- Dermatoscopy examines certain parts of the skin under a light with a special magnifying lens. This can identify strange changes in the skin and determine whether there are any signs of scarring or sores.
- A biopsy is the most effective diagnostic method for determining the stage of melanoma and its size. Doctors examine a sample of the skin under a microscope. The biopsy will remove as much malignant skin as possible, to prevent cancer from spreading.
- Micrographic Mohs surgery is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows surgeons to preserve as many layers of healthy skin as possible. Malignant skin is removed layer after layer. With the removal of each layer, the next layer is examined under the microscope to determine whether it needs to be removed too.
- Vaccination with dendritic cells and chemotherapy (1 course) is an innovative treatment method, used if cancer has not gone very deep into the skin. The vaccination blocks the malignant cells from spreading and chemotherapy kills them.
- Resection of the skin is performed if the size of the melanoma has been determined and its exact location has been identified. Resection can be performed through wide or targeted excision.
- Targeted therapy uses special drugs that inhibit and attack malignant cells. This therapy can considerably shrink, and in some cases completely destroy, the tumor.