About the disease
Uterine fibroid (myoma) is a benign tumor from the smooth muscle cells of the uterus. In some women uterine fibroids don’t cause any symptoms. Other women experience painful periods with big amount of blood, pain in the lower back and occasional pain during the sexual intercourse. Signs of uterine fibroids can also appear after the miscarriage. Fibroids in the uterus arise only at the reproductive age, so after the menopause a woman will never have this disease.
Uterine fibroid is a very widespread condition. In fact, about 75-85% of women have it before they turn 55. In most cases cause of the disorder remains unclear, as uterine fibroid can develop in women with perfectly healthy lifestyle. Genetic predisposition and obesity play certain role. Among other causes we should mention pregnancy, because during this time woman experiences constant hormonal changes.
Symptoms
- Pain in the uterus region
- Difficulty urinating
- Pain during bowel movements
- Pain during sexual intercourse
- Painful periods with big amount of discharge
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of uterine myoma starts with the palpation of uterus. After this gynecologist uses ultrasound examination to define the size of uterine myoma. If the uterine myoma is diagnosed after the menopause, it should be differentiated from sarcoma. If uterine myoma is too big, the doctor can use MRI as a diagnosis method.
Sometimes fibroids can cause complications, such as anemia and deficiency of iron. Blood test helps to reveal such conditions.
Treatment
- Painkillers are used in order to alleviate unpleasant feelings during the menstrual period. Doctor can also administer drugs that reduce the intensity of hemorrhage.
- Uterine artery embolization implies depriving the myoma from blood supply and, thus, feeding. This type of treatment usually has long-term effect, as myomas reduce gradually. The recovery after this kind of treatment takes 3-5 days.
- Hysteroscopic myomectomy involves the endoscopic removal of fibroids. This is an organ-sparing surgery, which doesn’t affect the ovaries. After the myomectomy women can have give birth to a child.
- During hysterectomy a doctor removes the whole uterus. The biggest side effect of hysterectomy is that the woman will not be able to get pregnant in the future. Now medicine found other way to cure uterus fibroids, so this kind of treatment is not performed very often. In fact, it was substituted by the hysteroscopic myomectomy during recent years.
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