The abnormal growth of bone means the middle ear is unable to vibrate in response to sound waves, thus restricting the hearing function. This condition usually develops in middle-aged people, but the onset of symptoms often begins while people are in their early 20s. It predominantly affects women and is also more common among Caucasians. Otosclerosis can be caused by a genetic predisposition; 60% of people with this condition have relatives who have also had a similar problem. Pregnancy increases the risk of developing it in future. Viral infections and measles are also risk factors of otosclerosis.
According to the American Academy of Otolaryngology, 10% of Caucasians have some stage of otosclerosis during their life. It is much rarer in Asians and African Americans.
The early stage of this disease, when hearing loss is mild, is called otospongiosis. Later on, the condition progresses and can result in tinnitus, which is ringing in the ears. Usually, hearing loss continues to develop until the sufferer reaches their 30s and then hearing becomes relatively stable. Very rarely, otosclerosis can result in deafness. In most cases though, patients are able to preserve their hearing function, but their sensory hearing is usually damaged.
Overall, Stapes surgery is considered to be very safe with 90% of cases being successful. You will even be able to fly on an airplane three weeks after surgery. Other options apart from surgery include a temporal bone implant or external hearing aids.
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