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Ovarian cancer is the 8th most common type of cancer in women, with more than 320,000 new cases registered in 2022. Around a quarter (25%) of all new cases were diagnosed in women aged 75 and older. Taking into account that early symptoms are subtle and non-specific, especially among older women, ovarian cancer is often found...

Bone metastases often occur in the advanced stages of cancer, which are characterized by rapid spread beyond the tumor site and invasion of distant organs and tissues. Studies reported that approximately 350,000 people died from bone metastases in the USA alone, underscoring the devastating nature of this issue. The highest incidence...

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide, with approximately 660,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths reported in 2022. About 94% of these fatalities occur in low- and middle-income countries due to limited access to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and regular screenings. In the United States, an estimated...

Stage 4 liver cancer is the most advanced stage of liver malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer. It remains the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), approximately 42,000 new cases...

Esophageal cancer is a severe and aggressive malignancy. According to oncology research, this disease is often diagnosed late due to its subtle early symptoms, such as difficulty swallowing, chest pain, weight loss, and persistent cough. By the time the disease reaches stage 4, it has spread beyond the esophagus to distant organs such as...

Stage 4 uterine cancer and specifically stage 4 endometrial cancer represent the most advanced form of endometrial carcinoma, where the cancer has spread beyond the uterus to distant organs such as the lungs, liver, bones, or lymph nodes. According to the American Cancer Society, uterine cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy...

Lung metastases affect 20-54% of patients with extrathoracic cancers, dramatically reducing survival rates – breast cancer survival drops from 96% to 21% with lung spread, while colorectal cancer survival falls from 91% to below 10% with metastasis. These secondary tumors, most commonly originating from breast, colorectal, and prostate...

Bladder cancer stage 4 is the most advanced form of the disease, characterized by the spread of cancer cells beyond the bladder to distant lymph nodes, the liver and lungs, and even the bones. According to statistics, bladder cancer is among the most common malignancies worldwide, with an estimated 573,000 new cases diagnosed annually and...